Biology and Basic Genetics

The goal of the course is to provide solid basic knowledge of animal cell biology and basic genetics, necessary for the more specialized teaching in the course of study (physiology, biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology, etc.). In fact, this knowledge is a fundamental tool in order to best approach interdisciplinary scientific studies. In detail, the course will provide knowledge about the diversity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their different levels of organization. First, the cellular structure, starting with biological membranes, and the internal organization of the eukaryotic cell (organelles, internal membrane systems, cytoskeleton, junctions) will be described; then, cellular functions, metabolism and gene expression (the gene and genome, DNA replication, transcription and translation) will be illustrated. Moreover, the course will give to the students an in-depth look at the cellular processes of proliferation (mitosis), differentiation, renewal, cell death and the ability of cells to communicate, with emphasis on autocrine/paracrine, endocrine and nerve signalling. Meiosis, the general principles of fertilization and animal cell development will be described. Finally, the basic principles of Mendelian genetics, the modes of transmission of inherited traits and the main alterations found in genetic disorders will be explained.

The student should demonstrate knowledge of the major constituents of living organisms, the processes of synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, the major roles of these macromolecules, and the flow of gene information in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. The student should also know the organization and function of cell organelles and membranes and the processes of cell division. In addition, the student should be able to describe the principles underlying Mendelian genetics and the transmission of hereditary traits and major genetic alterations. Upon completion of the course, the student will also demonstrate specific biology language to communicate the acquired knowledge.