Chemistry

The course aims to provide students with the general basics of chemistry through the study of the nature of the elements and their compounds, the examination of the chemical reactions and the parameters associated with them. Starting from the atomic structure of matter, the course introduces the fundamental laws of stoichiometry also illustrated through exercises. The course will allow the student to acquire the basic notions of inorganic and organic chemistry necessary to understand processes, even complex, more specific than the degree course.
- The foundations of the atomic and molecular theory
- Atom's structure (atomic theory, orbitals, electronic configurations)
- Periodic properties (atomic radius, ionization energy,electronic affinity, electrpnegativity)
- Chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic, molecular geometry)
- Chemical reactions: salification, exchange and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions.
- Aggregation states of the matter: gases, liquids, solids
- Solutions: (general properties, different ways to indicate the concentrations, colligative properties)
- Chemical equilibrium (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous equilibria, Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier principle)
- Ionic equilibria (Solubility-product. The nature of the acids and of the bases.)
- Thermodinamics ( heat , work, Internal energy , enthalpy. Entropy, Gibbs free energy)


ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
For each functional groups we will discuss structures and reactivity. The programme is:
- Structure and properties or organic molecules
- Polarity
- Alcanes
- Alkyl halides: nucleophilic substitution reactions. Carbocations
- Alkenes: addition reactions
- Alkynes
- Alcohols and ethers
- Aldehydes and ketones
- Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
- Aromatic compounds
- Amines
- Carbohydrates
- Amino acids and proteins
- Nucleic acids
- Hints about organic chemical compounds of natural origin and their biological activity