Genetics

Chromosomal basis of genetics. DNA organization in chromosomes and genes. Cell divisions: Mitosis, meiosis. Meiosis and sexual reproduction in eucariots. DNA replication and synthesis.
Mendelian genetics. The monohybrid and dihybrid cross. Independent assortment and genetic variation. Statistical evaluation of genetic data. Human pedigrees. Multiple alleles. The ABO blood Group. X-linked genes in Drosophila. X-linked inheritance in humans. Sex determination.
Gene linkage and genetic mapping. Incomplete linkage, Crossing over and mapping. Three-point mapping. Interference and coefficient of coincidence. Mapping studies. Mitotic crossing over and mosaics.
Genetic of bacteria. Bacterial mutations and selection. Plasmids and episomes. Genetic recombination in bacteria, conjugation. Bacterial transformation.
The genetic study of bacteriophages. Transduction: virus mediated DNA transfer.
Molecular genetics. Gene structure, expression and function in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoter and coding regions. Transcription and translation. Regulation of transcription. The genetic code and its characteristics. The one-gene: one-enzyme hypotesis. Gene interaction. Complementation.
DNA-mutation. Classification of mutations and frequency. The molecular basis of mutation. Reversion and suppression. Variation in chromosome structure and arrangements: deletion, duplications, inversions, translocations. Variation in chromosome number: aneuploidy and polyploidy.
Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes. The lactose operon in E.coli, an inducible system, its structure and negative and positive control. Tryptophan metabolism in E.coli: a repressible gene system.
Population genetics. Population, gene pools and allele frequencies. The Hardy-Weinberg law. Factors that alter allele frequencies: genetic drift, selection, mutation and variation.