Viticulture: Cultivation Techniques

1° CFU Vineyard planting General aspects: production's philosophy, law's obligations and authorizations, economic choices. Genetic choices: criteria of cultivar's, clone's and rootstock's choices. Viticultural choices: Superficial layout : stabilization's action (levelling, drainage and superficial conditions). Soil preparation: trenching and tillage before plantation. Basic fertilization: valuation analysis of the soil, logics of choices, typology, intervention's period. Planting execution: Plantation's layout, techniques of vines' planting. Structure and materials for the support of the vineyard. 2° CFU Viticultural nursery Materials of moltiplication (rootstocks and cultivars). Environmental feature of viticultural nursery. Type of propagation (gamic and agamic). Commercial nursery, production processes (grafted vine, rooted vine). Certification, viticultural nursery regulation. Irrigation: General aspects: evaluation of the availability and philosophy of the use of water in viticulture. Usable techniques, limitations e necessity. Intervention's period and effects on the production and the wine quality. 3° CFU Training system Characterization and description of the main types of training system used in Italy. Evolution and objective of the different types of training. Evolution of the mechanization, possibilities and limits of mechanization in the different environment. Valuation of the bud's charge and of the different kinds of pruning. Periods and manners of intervention. Effects on the production and on the quatity of grapes and wine. The density of planting: Historical evolution of density of planting. Factors that influence the choice with respect to the types of training system and other agronomic factors and with respect to the environment and the oenologic address. Problems connected with the space on and among the lines. Effects on the production and the quality of wine. 4° CFU Techniques of intervention on the soil Main kind of management: cultivation, weed control and green cover. Effects on the environment and on the pedologic characteristics. Strategies of management and integrated forms and with respect to the environment and the oenologic address. Objectives and effects on the vegetative and production balance and on the quality of wine. Fertilization: Needs of the vine in nutrients. Valuation of the environmental, viticultural and oenological variables for the fertilization. Types of fertilization, organic and mineral. Intervention's period and effects on the production and the quality of wine. 5° CFU Canopy management Description of the main green operations. Criteria and moments of actuation and intensity of the intervention. Effects of the green interventions on the production and grape quality. 6° CFU Choice of the harvest time and harvesting problems General aspects: oenologic objectives, characteristic of the variety. Visual, analitical, sensorial elements for the choice of the best moment. New adresses in choosing the optimal time, genetic strategies (genomic, proteomic, metabolomic). Way of grape-harvesting: valuation of periods and grape-harvesting techniques.