Advanced Roman Law

A. General knowledges. Privat and public illicit; privat and public punishment. - The function of the capital punishment between general safety and preservation of the constitutional order of ancient Rom in its different historical periods. - The "ius provocationis" and the "exilium" of a Roman citizen. - The "appellatio ad Caesarem". - The imposition of the death penalty and functioning criteria of the public assemblies and of another deliberative institutions in Rom from the republican to the imperial period ("iudicia populi", "quaestiones perpetuae" and "cognitiones extra ordinem"). The "carcer": the pre-trial detention and the carrying out the death penalty. - The social danger of the offender in the opinion of the ancient writers. - The urban spaces for carrying out the capital pinushments and the importance of the derision of the offender's body in the ancient societies. B. Case studies. 1) The dismemberment of Méttius Fufetius and the violation of the "fides" against Romans. - 2) The death of Turno Erdonius: an exemplar punishment for suppressing the political opposition. - 3) Cases of barbaric execution of the death penalty in the ancient Persia under the reigns of the Achemenidi (VI sec. a.C.): public vengeance and repressive measures against the political opposition. - 4) The "supplicium ultimum" of Attilius Regulus. 5) The cruel and inhuman punishment "in castris" by Postumius Regillensis against the soldiers: about the death penalty in the form of the "necare sub crate". - 6) The "corpora inimicorum" and the repression of the political opposition during the reign of the emperor Tiberius: especially the punishment of Clutorius Priscus. - 7) An exemplar case for the "appellatio ad Caesarem" in the episode of Paulus Apostle (59/60 d.C.).