General Pathology, Immunology and Medical Genetics
A.Y. 2020/2021
Learning objectives
Learning objectives (nuovo testo da inserire in W4):
The course aims to:
· Ensure that students are familiar with the fundamental elements the basic mechanisms that characterize the onset and the maintenance of pathological phenomena;
· Provide insights in the physio-pathological elements of specific organs and apparatus with particular attention to the gastrointestinal system and the metabolic endocrine aspects related to nutritional phenomena;
· Equip students to understand the basic concepts of immunology, the mechanisms of the immune response and of the main immunopathological reactions;
· Ensure that students are familiar with the mechanisms of genetic transmission of diseases;
· Foster the ability of studying independently and as part of a group, and to develop oral and written presentation skills.
The course aims to:
· Ensure that students are familiar with the fundamental elements the basic mechanisms that characterize the onset and the maintenance of pathological phenomena;
· Provide insights in the physio-pathological elements of specific organs and apparatus with particular attention to the gastrointestinal system and the metabolic endocrine aspects related to nutritional phenomena;
· Equip students to understand the basic concepts of immunology, the mechanisms of the immune response and of the main immunopathological reactions;
· Ensure that students are familiar with the mechanisms of genetic transmission of diseases;
· Foster the ability of studying independently and as part of a group, and to develop oral and written presentation skills.
Expected learning outcomes
Expected learning outcomes (nuovo testo da inserire in W4)
By the end of the course the student will:
· have a general picture of the causes and etiopathogenetic mechanisms of diseases.
· know the basic characteristics of the immune response and its alterations such as allergies and autoimmune diseases mainly related to the gastrointestinal system.
· know the general characteristics of human genetics and the main associated diseases
· be able to discuss and formulate independent judgments on the topics covered during the lessons.
By the end of the course the student will:
· have a general picture of the causes and etiopathogenetic mechanisms of diseases.
· know the basic characteristics of the immune response and its alterations such as allergies and autoimmune diseases mainly related to the gastrointestinal system.
· know the general characteristics of human genetics and the main associated diseases
· be able to discuss and formulate independent judgments on the topics covered during the lessons.
Lesson period: Second semester
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Assessment methods and criteria:
If the written exams cannot be performed in university classrooms, due to sanitary reasons, oral exams will be carried out in Teams.
Teaching methods:
During the evolving sanitary situation there could be changes in teaching methods, the changes will be promptly communicated through the Ariel website of "Corso di Laurea in Dietistica" and through the teaching Ariel website
If the written exams cannot be performed in university classrooms, due to sanitary reasons, oral exams will be carried out in Teams.
Teaching methods:
During the evolving sanitary situation there could be changes in teaching methods, the changes will be promptly communicated through the Ariel website of "Corso di Laurea in Dietistica" and through the teaching Ariel website
Prerequisites for admission
Basic knowledge of Biology, Biochemistry and Human Anatomy
Assessment methods and Criteria
The assessment of learning takes place through the final exam, which ascertains the acquisition of the knowledge and skills expected for the teachings of General Pathology, Immunology and Medical Genetics.
At the end of the integrated course lessons, students can take a written test (optional) valid for the exam grade. This test is carried out only once during the year and consists of both multiple choice questions and open questions. The results of the written test will be communicated through the Ariel website. Students who do not take or do not pass the written test of one or more modules of the integrated course will have to take the oral exam by choosing one of the six examinations of the academic year.
To pass the exam it is necessary to obtain the sufficiency (18/30) in all three modules within the same academic year. The final grade will be calculated based on the credits of each module: General Pathology and Immunology: 5/6; Medical Genetics: 1/6
At the end of the integrated course lessons, students can take a written test (optional) valid for the exam grade. This test is carried out only once during the year and consists of both multiple choice questions and open questions. The results of the written test will be communicated through the Ariel website. Students who do not take or do not pass the written test of one or more modules of the integrated course will have to take the oral exam by choosing one of the six examinations of the academic year.
To pass the exam it is necessary to obtain the sufficiency (18/30) in all three modules within the same academic year. The final grade will be calculated based on the credits of each module: General Pathology and Immunology: 5/6; Medical Genetics: 1/6
General pathology and immunology
Course syllabus
Introduction to the course - concept of aetiology and pathogenesis;
Infections viruses, bacteria, dissemination;
Damage and cellular responses Origins of cellular damage; reversible or irreversible cellular damage; general biological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell damage; subcellular responses to cellular damage; cellular adaptations to damage or stress; cell death: Necrosis and Apoptosis;
Inflammation Acute inflammation: vascular changes, cellular events and their molecular bases; the chemistry of acute inflammation; correlation between biochemical aspects and morphological and functional events; inflammation as a systemic event: acute phase proteins, fever and other acute phase symptoms; chronic inflammation: morphological aspects, functional pictures;
Local and systemic response to damage Repair and regeneration; wound healing; acute phase response; temperature; shock; Oncology Definitions and morphological frameworks; benign and malignant neoplasms, staging and grading; epidemiology of tumors and risk factors; the role of inheritance; tumor etiology: chemical, physical and biological carcinogens; the stem cell theory of tumors; heterogeneity of tumors; metastases. Concept of oncogene and tumor suppressor; chromosomal translocations and fusion proteins; tumors on a hereditary basis;
Arguments of pathophysiology Colorectal carcinoma, celiac disease; diabetes mellitus; IBD-Inflammatory Bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis);
The Microbiota Definition; diet and microbiota; physiological role of the microbiota; role of microbiota in human pathologies
Aging Definition; neurodegenerative diseases, molecular bases, nutrition and aging.
Infections viruses, bacteria, dissemination;
Damage and cellular responses Origins of cellular damage; reversible or irreversible cellular damage; general biological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell damage; subcellular responses to cellular damage; cellular adaptations to damage or stress; cell death: Necrosis and Apoptosis;
Inflammation Acute inflammation: vascular changes, cellular events and their molecular bases; the chemistry of acute inflammation; correlation between biochemical aspects and morphological and functional events; inflammation as a systemic event: acute phase proteins, fever and other acute phase symptoms; chronic inflammation: morphological aspects, functional pictures;
Local and systemic response to damage Repair and regeneration; wound healing; acute phase response; temperature; shock; Oncology Definitions and morphological frameworks; benign and malignant neoplasms, staging and grading; epidemiology of tumors and risk factors; the role of inheritance; tumor etiology: chemical, physical and biological carcinogens; the stem cell theory of tumors; heterogeneity of tumors; metastases. Concept of oncogene and tumor suppressor; chromosomal translocations and fusion proteins; tumors on a hereditary basis;
Arguments of pathophysiology Colorectal carcinoma, celiac disease; diabetes mellitus; IBD-Inflammatory Bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis);
The Microbiota Definition; diet and microbiota; physiological role of the microbiota; role of microbiota in human pathologies
Aging Definition; neurodegenerative diseases, molecular bases, nutrition and aging.
Teaching methods
The course is divided into a series of lectures with slide shows in Power Point. Powerpoint presentations are linked to the Ariel website. PPTs are uploaded as soon as the final version becomes available. Part of the teaching will be interactive and will include collective discussion of articles and specific topics.
Teaching Resources
Elementi di Patologia Generale - GM Pontieri - Casa Editrice Piccin
Medical genetics
Course syllabus
Characteristics of the immune system response Specificity, memory, tolerance.
B lymphocytes Humoral response and antibodies: isotypes, structure and functions. Antibody diversity: somatic recombination and somatic hypermutation.
T lymphocytes: T-cell receptors and cellular targets. Th1 lymphocytes and interaction with macrophages. Th2 lymphocytes and interaction with B lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and killing mechanisms.
Antigen presentation Major histocompatibility complex.
Alterations in the immune response in the gastrointestinal system allergies and intolerances.
Autoimmune diseases: genetic and environmental causes.
The role of the immune system in cancer: anti-tumor immune response and immunoediting, tumor-mediated evasion and subversion of the immune response.
B lymphocytes Humoral response and antibodies: isotypes, structure and functions. Antibody diversity: somatic recombination and somatic hypermutation.
T lymphocytes: T-cell receptors and cellular targets. Th1 lymphocytes and interaction with macrophages. Th2 lymphocytes and interaction with B lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and killing mechanisms.
Antigen presentation Major histocompatibility complex.
Alterations in the immune response in the gastrointestinal system allergies and intolerances.
Autoimmune diseases: genetic and environmental causes.
The role of the immune system in cancer: anti-tumor immune response and immunoediting, tumor-mediated evasion and subversion of the immune response.
Teaching methods
The course is divided into a series of lectures with slide shows in Power Point. Powerpoint presentations are linked to the Ariel website. PPTs are uploaded as soon as the final version becomes available. Part of the teaching will be interactive and will include collective discussion of articles and specific topics.
Teaching Resources
Elementi di Genetica - Russel, Wolfe - Casa Editrice Edises
General pathology and immunology
MED/04 - EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 5
Lessons: 50 hours
Professors:
Chiaramonte Raffaella, Polo Simona Laura Anna
Medical genetics
MED/03 - MEDICAL GENETICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Gervasini Cristina Costanza Giovanna