Medical Sciences

Lecture 1 Approach to the patient with liver disease
Lecture 2 Metabolic liver diseases and alcoholic liver disease
Lecture 3 Liver cirrhosis and its complications
Lecture 4 Nutrition in liver diseases
Lecture 5 Galbladder disease

Lecture 1: Physiology and Pathophysiology of pancreatic endocrine secretion and gastrointestinal tract endocrine secretion, and methods to evaluate Insulin secretion and sensitivity in humans.
Lecture 2. Obesity: Classification, pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Clinical evalution and instrumental methods for the evalution of body mass and body composition.
Lecture 3: Obesity 2: The role of dietary approaches in the treatment and prevention of obesity and morbid obesity. Pharmacological and novel surgical approaches to obesity
Lecture 4: Plurimetabolic Syndrome X of Insulin resistance. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Incidence and Diagnosis. The role of the dietary approach in the prevention and treatment.
Lecture 5: Diabetes Mellitus. Classification (old and new), Incidence and pathogenesis.
Lezione 6: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology. The role of multiple dietary approaches and physical activity/sport/life style modification in the prevention and treatment.
Lecture 7: Chronic complications (micro and macrovascular) of Diabetes Mellitus.
Lecture 8: Polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of multiple endocrine defects.
Lecture 9: Anorexia and Bulimia.
Lecture 10: Atherosclerotic Cerebro-vascular Diseases and Alzheimer Disease. Principles and ethics of Clinical Research in Humans and Clinical Trials.

Approach to the patient with cardiovascular disease: how to recognize the presentation syndromes of the patient with CV disease (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, main arrhythmias), how to measure heart function, which tests are useful in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
Approach to the patient with CV disease first: how to distinguish heart failure, angina pectoris, hypertensive crisis and major arrhythmia.
Principles of atherosclerosis and development of the ATS plaque
Cardiovascular prevention principles

Anatomy and physiopathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Dyspepsia.
Peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Celiac disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease.
Gallstones and bile duct stones.
Diverticulosis and Diverticular disease of the colon.
Irritable bowel syndrome.
Food allergies.
Lactose intolerance.
Acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
Obesity ang gastrointestinal diseases.

Description: The purpose of this module is to provide essential knowledge of the kidney role in maintaining the body homeostasis, both in patients with renal diseases and in patients with other conditions, such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in which kidneys play a pivotal role in the genesis and the response of the organism to the disease process. The module offers the unique opportunity to systematically explore specific renal disorders, like the glomerulopathies, and an introduction to very relevant clinical syndromes, such as acute and chronic kidney disease.
Course Relevance: The knowledge of signs and symptoms (semeiotics) in nephrology and the ability to identify the clinical presentation of renal diseases represent an essential part of the medical heritage and practice. It is of utmost importance in the everyday clinical and surgical practice, if we consider the high incidence of both acute (mostly in surgical setting) and chronic kidney injury (mostly in internal medicine). Also, the ability to detect the first signs and symptoms of a specific renal disease is crucial for an early nephrology referral.