Statistics and Epidemiology

Reliability of a measure
∙ Reliability and its components
∙ Systematic error and casual error
Variability
Between-subjects and within-subjects variability
Descriptive statistics
∙ Graphs
∙ Location, scale, and shape of a frequency distribution
∙ Measures of location and scale
∙ Accuracy and precision of a measure
∙ Quantiles and reference limits
∙ Correlation coefficient and Kappa statistic
Gaussian model
∙ Probability of events on the population within the Gaussian model
∙ How to model the error with a Gaussian model
Screening programs
∙ Events
∙ Probability: concept
∙ Probability of an event: algebra
∙ Basics of probability
∙ Screening programs: why
∙ True and false positives, true and false negatives
∙ Sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic tool
∙ Positive (negative) predictive values
∙ Likelihood ratio: positive and negative
∙ Pre-test and post-test probabilities
∙ Bayes theorem
Inference
∙ Sampling variability
∙ Population and sample
∙ Estimate of a population parameter with sampling quantities
Sampling distribution
∙ The central limit theorem and the distribution of a sampling quantity
∙ Standard error
Confidence interval
∙ Definition and meaning
∙ Formulas
Hypothesis testing
∙ First type and second type errors and power of a test
∙ Sample size calculation
∙ Clinical statistics and clinical relevance
∙ Hypothesis testing on a population mean
Deterministic and probabilistic models
∙ Deterministic and probabilistic models: differences
∙ Simple linear regression model: interpretation and parameters
∙ Hypothesis testing on the parameters of a simple linear regression model

1. Meaning and use of the epidemiological method
2. Use of health and demographic data in epidemiology:
- Main sources of health and demographic data
- The indicators: meaning and use.
- Health conditions of the female population; birth rate, maternal health and abortion
- Guided analysis of current health data
3. Health status of a population
- Determinants and factors that influence the state of health: biological-natural factors (age, sex and ethnicity), behaviors and lifestyles, physical and social environment, access to health care and services in general
- Socio-economic determinants and inequalities in health and gender
-Methods of descriptive or geographical epidemiology
- Population health profiles
4. Global Health
- Key concepts and definition of global health (GH); evolution of GH from tropical medicine to public health and international health
- Global burden of disease, epidemiological transition and progress in health indicators; Recent phenomena and future of global health
- Social and economic determinants of health
- Sustainable development goals (SDGs); Tuberculosis as a model in global health burden and response
- The World Health Organization and other major actors in GH; International Cooperation; the great challenges: migrations and climate change