Analytical Chemistry
A.Y. 2022/2023
Learning objectives
The course has the goal to provide the students the general bases of Analytical Chemistry enabling
them to operate within a laboratory of analytical chemistry. The course aims to introduce students to the understanding of equilibria in solution and of the main methods of analysis both from a theoretical point of view and from a more applicative point of view. The course also aims to make students able to acquire the critical ability in underestimating the accuracy and precision of experimental data through statistical methods, the ability to solve analytical problems related to complex equilibria in solution and quantitative analysis of compounds. The course also includes a single-seat laboratory teaching unit in which exercises will be carried out aimed at acquiring the notions that allow a correct conduct of a chemical analysis, including the elementary safety rules relating to handling and disposal and chemical products. The laboratory exercises are aimed at learning the basic knowledge of volumetric analysis (titration).
them to operate within a laboratory of analytical chemistry. The course aims to introduce students to the understanding of equilibria in solution and of the main methods of analysis both from a theoretical point of view and from a more applicative point of view. The course also aims to make students able to acquire the critical ability in underestimating the accuracy and precision of experimental data through statistical methods, the ability to solve analytical problems related to complex equilibria in solution and quantitative analysis of compounds. The course also includes a single-seat laboratory teaching unit in which exercises will be carried out aimed at acquiring the notions that allow a correct conduct of a chemical analysis, including the elementary safety rules relating to handling and disposal and chemical products. The laboratory exercises are aimed at learning the basic knowledge of volumetric analysis (titration).
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student acquires the notions of analytical chemistry necessary for: knowledge of the procedures for processing and evaluating experimental data; the knowledge of the main complex chemical equilibria in solution and the ability to independently solve simple analytical problems ranging from sampling, to sample treatment, up to the type of analytical method chosen (among those studied) for the quantification of the analytes, taking into account the uncertainty of measurement, the ability to use the specific language of analytical chemistry to describe and comment on an analytical method and report the result correctly and without ambiguity. The attendance of the laboratory will allow the student to be able to perform standard laboratory procedures for the recognition and quantification of simple analytical species.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
Treatment and evaluation of statistical data: errors in chemical analysis, statistical treatment of errors, confidence intervals, error propagation and significant figures, variance analysis.
Samples and analytical methods: sampling, standardization, calibration, sources and treatment of errors in the analytical process, characteristics of an analytical method (accuracy, precision, specificity and selectivity).
Acid-base equilibria: pH calculation of bases and strong, weak, mono and polyprotic acids, both pure and in mixtures, systematic treatment and approximations. Main species, distribution function, distribution diagram.
Amphiprotic species: pH calculation. pH calculation of single-salt solutions.
Buffer solutions: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, approximations in pH calculation. Buffering capacity. Examples of calculation of buffering capacity. Buffer selection and preparation.
Classical analysis methods for gravimetric analysis. Titration methods: definitions and classifications. Precipitation equilibria and related titrations; acid/base equilibria (including pH calculations and speciation diagrams) and related titrations; complexation equilibria and related titrations (in particular, with EDTA). In all cases examples of prediction and interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems. Applications.
Electrochemical methods: oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials. Calculation of electrochemical cell potentials, equilibrium constants and redox titration curves. In all cases examples of prediction and interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems. Applications.
Introduction to spectroscopy. Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy. Molecular spectroscopy: infrared and electron spectroscopy.
Use of spreadsheets for analytical data processing.
LABORATORY MODULE
Basic instructions for operating in the analytical laboratory and carrying out the experiences in the program. Use of burette, pipette, flip style pipette filler, pipette/volumetric flask calibration.
Indicator titrations: acid-base (HCl with NaOH, acetic acid in vinegar), complexation (water total hardness with EDTA), redox (iodometric determination of ascorbic acid), argentometric titration.
Potentiometric titration (in particular, pHmetry).
Determination of acetylsalicylic acid with spectrophotometric methods.
Samples and analytical methods: sampling, standardization, calibration, sources and treatment of errors in the analytical process, characteristics of an analytical method (accuracy, precision, specificity and selectivity).
Acid-base equilibria: pH calculation of bases and strong, weak, mono and polyprotic acids, both pure and in mixtures, systematic treatment and approximations. Main species, distribution function, distribution diagram.
Amphiprotic species: pH calculation. pH calculation of single-salt solutions.
Buffer solutions: Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, approximations in pH calculation. Buffering capacity. Examples of calculation of buffering capacity. Buffer selection and preparation.
Classical analysis methods for gravimetric analysis. Titration methods: definitions and classifications. Precipitation equilibria and related titrations; acid/base equilibria (including pH calculations and speciation diagrams) and related titrations; complexation equilibria and related titrations (in particular, with EDTA). In all cases examples of prediction and interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems. Applications.
Electrochemical methods: oxidation-reduction reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials. Calculation of electrochemical cell potentials, equilibrium constants and redox titration curves. In all cases examples of prediction and interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems. Applications.
Introduction to spectroscopy. Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy. Molecular spectroscopy: infrared and electron spectroscopy.
Use of spreadsheets for analytical data processing.
LABORATORY MODULE
Basic instructions for operating in the analytical laboratory and carrying out the experiences in the program. Use of burette, pipette, flip style pipette filler, pipette/volumetric flask calibration.
Indicator titrations: acid-base (HCl with NaOH, acetic acid in vinegar), complexation (water total hardness with EDTA), redox (iodometric determination of ascorbic acid), argentometric titration.
Potentiometric titration (in particular, pHmetry).
Determination of acetylsalicylic acid with spectrophotometric methods.
Prerequisites for admission
Knowledge of basic mathematics, knowledge of general chemistry, and stoichiometry
Teaching methods
The course consists of three teaching units: lectures, classroom exercises, and practical laboratory exercises. Attendance is compulsory for both classroom and laboratory units (the maximum possible days of absence will be posted on the Ariel website).
Teaching Resources
Analytical Chemistry and Quantitative Analysis (D. S. Hage and J. D. Carr) Publishing House: Piccin;
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry (Skoog & West) Publishing House: EdiSES;
Analytical Chemistry (V. Di Marco, P. Patore, G. G. Bombi) Publishing House: EdiSES.
Lecturer's handouts.
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry (Skoog & West) Publishing House: EdiSES;
Analytical Chemistry (V. Di Marco, P. Patore, G. G. Bombi) Publishing House: EdiSES.
Lecturer's handouts.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final exam will consist in a written test lasting a total of three hours including open questions of various lengths, short exercises and problems on all the topics covered. The test will be divided into two parts: a first part, of two hours, on the theoretical part of the course, followed by a second part, of one hour, on the laboratory part. The overall grade, out of 30, will be calculated based on the sum of the grades of the first part (maximum 22 points) and the second part (maximum 11 points). To pass the exam it's necessary to achieve at least 12/22 on the first part and 6/11 on the second part. Honors on the total exam require not only an excellent theory part but also full marks in the laboratory part.
The student is admitted to the written exam only if he/she has submitted the Laboratory Reports in advance. The Lab Reports will be considered as part of the final grade.
The student is admitted to the written exam only if he/she has submitted the Laboratory Reports in advance. The Lab Reports will be considered as part of the final grade.
CHIM/01 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - University credits: 8
Practicals: 16 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 32 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 32 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Professors:
Comite Valeria, Guglielmi Vittoria
Professor(s)
Reception:
By appointment
Department of Chemistry, via Golgi 19 - Milano