Optics 1
A.Y. 2022/2023
Learning objectives
The course aim is to provide students with theoretical skills and application information of Classic Optics.
The educational objectives are:
that the student follows some of the classical derivations of the laws of optics, starting from first principles.
That the student realizes the connection of optics with the theories of Electromagnetism, Relativity and
Quantum Mechanics.
That the student knows, both from a phenomenological point of view and from a theoretical point of view, the main optical phenomena.
That the student has knowledge and appreciates the applicative potential of the optics.
The educational objectives are:
that the student follows some of the classical derivations of the laws of optics, starting from first principles.
That the student realizes the connection of optics with the theories of Electromagnetism, Relativity and
Quantum Mechanics.
That the student knows, both from a phenomenological point of view and from a theoretical point of view, the main optical phenomena.
That the student has knowledge and appreciates the applicative potential of the optics.
Expected learning outcomes
The student at the end of the course may have acquired the following skills:
1. place the optical phenomena within the framework of the more general electromagnetic phenomena;
2. know the laws of reflection and refraction as an example of application of the conditions to the
contour of electromagnetic fields and knowing their most common applications;
4. know the Drude-Lorentz model and analyze the dispersion of a dielectric medium;
5. recognize some of the most common phenomena related to dispersion and absorption;
6. know the problem of the speed of light, its experimental bases and its relativist treatment;
7. know the various types of interferometers and their applications in radiation diagnostics;
8. know the details of the diffraction theory and its most important applications;
10. know the problem and the laws of coherence with related applications.
1. place the optical phenomena within the framework of the more general electromagnetic phenomena;
2. know the laws of reflection and refraction as an example of application of the conditions to the
contour of electromagnetic fields and knowing their most common applications;
4. know the Drude-Lorentz model and analyze the dispersion of a dielectric medium;
5. recognize some of the most common phenomena related to dispersion and absorption;
6. know the problem of the speed of light, its experimental bases and its relativist treatment;
7. know the various types of interferometers and their applications in radiation diagnostics;
8. know the details of the diffraction theory and its most important applications;
10. know the problem and the laws of coherence with related applications.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
History of Optics
General information on the waves
Maxwell's equations. Wave equation. Electromagnetic spectrum.
Boundary conditions.
Reflection and refraction
Impact on the surface of separation between two dielectric media.
Snell-Descartes formulas. Fresnel formulas. Examples: holograms of concerts, ghost of Pepper. Polarization angle.
Total reflection. Examples and applications.
Dispersion
Dispersion and prism. Cauchy and Sellmayer formula. Linear theory of dispersion and absorption in dielectrics.
Drude-Lorentz model. Colors for absorption and reflection. Examples and applications: the rainbow, frequent and rare halos.
Geometric optics
Icon equation. Ray equations,Propagation in media
inhomogeneous, mirage. Fiber step index and gradued index. Matrix treatment. Lenses, Mirrors, complex optical systems. Examples:
telescope, microscope, eye.
Interference
Recalls and discussion. Interferometers (Young, Michelson, Fabry-Perrot). Interference from thin foils. Examples and applications:
Newton's rings, wavelength measurement. Optical cavities.
Speed of light
Phase and group speed. Measurement of c. Prerelativistic experiments. Michelson and Morley experiment. Special relativity. Relativistic effects.
Doppler effect, Thomson scattering. Propagation in dispersive media. Superluminality.
Diffraction
Kirchhoff's scalar theory, diffraction integral. Linear approximation,
Fraunhofer theory. Circular and rectangular openings. Fourier analysis, teore-
but of the array, double slit. Fresnel transformations, approximation
parabolic, Fresnel diffraction. Formation of the image in coherent light.
Applications: spatial filtering, image processing, microscope
phase contrast. Optics of gaussian beams. Holography. Speckles.
Coherence and statistical perspective
Temporal coherence and coherent time. Statistical treatment and models a
thermal sources. Spatial coherence. Young's experience, theorem of
Van Cittert-Zernicke, length of transverse coherence. Phase contrast images.
Nonlinear optics
Anharmonic oscillator and nonlinear polarization. Propa-
gation in dielectrics with quadratic nonlinearities. Phase conditions
Matching. Generation of second harmonica. Autocorrector. Amplification and oscillations
Parametric. Cubic nonlinearities: optical kerr effect, self focusing, solitons
Space. Four wave mixing and phase conjugation mirrors. Temporal solitons
Quantum theory
Photoelectric effect. Compton effect. Plank hypothesis. Energy transitions. The laser. Young's experiment
with photons.
General information on the waves
Maxwell's equations. Wave equation. Electromagnetic spectrum.
Boundary conditions.
Reflection and refraction
Impact on the surface of separation between two dielectric media.
Snell-Descartes formulas. Fresnel formulas. Examples: holograms of concerts, ghost of Pepper. Polarization angle.
Total reflection. Examples and applications.
Dispersion
Dispersion and prism. Cauchy and Sellmayer formula. Linear theory of dispersion and absorption in dielectrics.
Drude-Lorentz model. Colors for absorption and reflection. Examples and applications: the rainbow, frequent and rare halos.
Geometric optics
Icon equation. Ray equations,Propagation in media
inhomogeneous, mirage. Fiber step index and gradued index. Matrix treatment. Lenses, Mirrors, complex optical systems. Examples:
telescope, microscope, eye.
Interference
Recalls and discussion. Interferometers (Young, Michelson, Fabry-Perrot). Interference from thin foils. Examples and applications:
Newton's rings, wavelength measurement. Optical cavities.
Speed of light
Phase and group speed. Measurement of c. Prerelativistic experiments. Michelson and Morley experiment. Special relativity. Relativistic effects.
Doppler effect, Thomson scattering. Propagation in dispersive media. Superluminality.
Diffraction
Kirchhoff's scalar theory, diffraction integral. Linear approximation,
Fraunhofer theory. Circular and rectangular openings. Fourier analysis, teore-
but of the array, double slit. Fresnel transformations, approximation
parabolic, Fresnel diffraction. Formation of the image in coherent light.
Applications: spatial filtering, image processing, microscope
phase contrast. Optics of gaussian beams. Holography. Speckles.
Coherence and statistical perspective
Temporal coherence and coherent time. Statistical treatment and models a
thermal sources. Spatial coherence. Young's experience, theorem of
Van Cittert-Zernicke, length of transverse coherence. Phase contrast images.
Nonlinear optics
Anharmonic oscillator and nonlinear polarization. Propa-
gation in dielectrics with quadratic nonlinearities. Phase conditions
Matching. Generation of second harmonica. Autocorrector. Amplification and oscillations
Parametric. Cubic nonlinearities: optical kerr effect, self focusing, solitons
Space. Four wave mixing and phase conjugation mirrors. Temporal solitons
Quantum theory
Photoelectric effect. Compton effect. Plank hypothesis. Energy transitions. The laser. Young's experiment
with photons.
Prerequisites for admission
Elementary basis of mechanics and electromagnetism.
Teaching methods
Frontal lesson with audiovisual aids.
Teaching Resources
Slides of the lessons.
Books:
Hetch: Optics
Klein,Furtak: Optics
Arnold Sommerfeld: Optics
Born, Wolf: Optics
Wolf : Theory of Coherence and Polarization of light
ides of the lessons.
Books:
Hetch: Optics
Klein,Furtak: Optics
Arnold Sommerfeld: Optics
Born, Wolf: Optics
Wolf : Theory of Coherence and Polarization of light
ides of the lessons.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Oral examination.
Evaluation of knowledge and understanding.
Evaluation of knowledge and understanding.
FIS/03 - PHYSICS OF MATTER - University credits: 6
Lessons: 42 hours
Professor:
Petrillo Vittoria Matilde Pia
Professor(s)