Emergency Medical and Surgical Care
A.Y. 2023/2024
Learning objectives
The course aims to teach the epidemiology, the principal pathophysiological mechanisms, the procedures for diagnosis and management of the endocrine, metabolic, gastroenterological, rheumatological and haematological diseases.
Expected learning outcomes
The student is able to:
i) undertake cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers;
ii) how approach patients with trauma emergencies and medical-surgical emergencies ; ii) know the advanced brady- and tachyarrhythmia treatment algorithms in urgencies, the principles of defibrillation and electrical cardioversion;
iii) know theoretically and interpret invasive hemodynamic monitoring of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and wedge pressure;
iv) interpret blood gas analysis and know the main emergency drugs.
i) undertake cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers;
ii) how approach patients with trauma emergencies and medical-surgical emergencies ; ii) know the advanced brady- and tachyarrhythmia treatment algorithms in urgencies, the principles of defibrillation and electrical cardioversion;
iii) know theoretically and interpret invasive hemodynamic monitoring of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and wedge pressure;
iv) interpret blood gas analysis and know the main emergency drugs.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
The knowledge of semeiotics, systematics, principles of pathophysiology of medical and surgical pathologies of the adults and pediatric patient, in particular reference to cardio-respiratory system, neurological system, digestive system, endocrine and metabolic system. The knowledge of acute pathologies and reacutization of chronic pathologies and their acute pathological consequences on anatomy and physiology of the human body.
The knowledge of Pharmacology and toxicology principles.
The knowledge of normal values of laboratory tests and their alterations possibly life threatening.
The knowledge of Pharmacology and toxicology principles.
The knowledge of normal values of laboratory tests and their alterations possibly life threatening.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of:
- a written test of 30 multiple choice questions (only 1 correct option out of 4) carried out within the available time limit of 30 minutes. Every correct answer will give a score of 1 point; missed answers or uncorrect answers will give a score of 0 points. Passing the test with a minimum score of 18/30 allows to take the oral exam.
- a subsequent oral exam to evaluate the ability to express clearly and appropriately the physiopathological and diagnostic-therapeutic basics in emergency medical and surgical care and the clinical reasoning skills upon
realistic cases based on the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired
- a written test of 30 multiple choice questions (only 1 correct option out of 4) carried out within the available time limit of 30 minutes. Every correct answer will give a score of 1 point; missed answers or uncorrect answers will give a score of 0 points. Passing the test with a minimum score of 18/30 allows to take the oral exam.
- a subsequent oral exam to evaluate the ability to express clearly and appropriately the physiopathological and diagnostic-therapeutic basics in emergency medical and surgical care and the clinical reasoning skills upon
realistic cases based on the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired
Anaesthesiology
Course syllabus
Approach to the patient with:
- Consciousness disorders (mental status alterations, metabolic encephalopathies and coma);
- Dyspnea;
- Fever and hyperthermia
Emergenze pneumologiche:
- Acute and chronic decompensated respiratory failure;
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS);
Neurological emergencies:
- Meningitis;
- Coma and delirium:
- Acute intoxications;
- CO intoxication;
- Alcoholic intoxication;
- Intoxication from substances of abuse (cocaine, opiates, THC, amphetamines, hallucinogens);
- Drug intoxication (analgesics, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants)
- Consciousness disorders (mental status alterations, metabolic encephalopathies and coma);
- Dyspnea;
- Fever and hyperthermia
Emergenze pneumologiche:
- Acute and chronic decompensated respiratory failure;
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS);
Neurological emergencies:
- Meningitis;
- Coma and delirium:
- Acute intoxications;
- CO intoxication;
- Alcoholic intoxication;
- Intoxication from substances of abuse (cocaine, opiates, THC, amphetamines, hallucinogens);
- Drug intoxication (analgesics, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants)
Teaching methods
Each credit includes hours of frontal and innovative teaching. The innovative teaching activities consist in the deepening of specific topics of the course syllabus, that will be selected by the students and the teacher. Such activity will be carried out in active collaboration between students and teacher.
Teaching Resources
· Paul L. Marino, The ICU Book
General surgery
Course syllabus
Approach to the patient with:
- Shock (cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, hypovolemic)
-Chest pain
- Abdominal pain
Traumatological emergencies:
- Approach to polytrauma
- Chest traumas
- Abdomen traumas
- Vascular emergencies;
· Traumas of the musculoskeletal system.
Gastroenterological emergencies:
- Digestive hemorrhage;
- Acute pancreatitis
- Acute abdomen
- Intestinal occlusion and pseudo-occlusion
Pneumological emergencies:
- Pneumothorax
Cardiological emergencies:
- Acute aortic syndrome.
- Shock (cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive, hypovolemic)
-Chest pain
- Abdominal pain
Traumatological emergencies:
- Approach to polytrauma
- Chest traumas
- Abdomen traumas
- Vascular emergencies;
· Traumas of the musculoskeletal system.
Gastroenterological emergencies:
- Digestive hemorrhage;
- Acute pancreatitis
- Acute abdomen
- Intestinal occlusion and pseudo-occlusion
Pneumological emergencies:
- Pneumothorax
Cardiological emergencies:
- Acute aortic syndrome.
Teaching methods
Each credit includes hours of frontal and innovative teaching. The innovative teaching activities consist in the deepening of specific topics of the course syllabus, that will be selected by the students and the teacher. Such activity will be carried out in active collaboration between students and teacher.
Teaching Resources
· Paul L. Marino, The ICU Book
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
Cardiological emergencies:
- Cardiac failure - acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema;
- Emergencies and hypertensive emergencies;
- Acute coronary syndrome;
- Pericarditis and cardiac tamponage;
- Conduction rhythm disorders
Pneumological emergencies:
- Pneumonia -lung abscess - pleural empyema;
- Bronchial asthma;
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
Hematological emergencies:
- Hemostasis - complications and overdose of oral anticoagulant therapy;
- Anemia and hemorrhagic diathesis
- Transfusion issues (red blood cells, platelets and plasma substitutes) in hemorrhagic shock;
- Haemophilia:
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Metabolic and endocrinological emergencies:
- Emergencies in the diabetic patient (hypoglycemias, ketoacidotic coma, hyperosmolar coma)
- Hypoglycemia;
- Electrolytes disorders:
- Hypo- and hypernatremia;
- Hypo- and hyper-kalemia;
- Hypo- and hypercalcemia;
- Hypo- and hyperphosphoremia;
- Acid-base balance disorders
Nephrological emergencies:
- Acute renal failure (functional/organic)
- Extracorporeal renal purification systems
Gastroenterological emergencies:
- Clinical manifestations of acute and chronic liver failure
- Cardiac failure - acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema;
- Emergencies and hypertensive emergencies;
- Acute coronary syndrome;
- Pericarditis and cardiac tamponage;
- Conduction rhythm disorders
Pneumological emergencies:
- Pneumonia -lung abscess - pleural empyema;
- Bronchial asthma;
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
Hematological emergencies:
- Hemostasis - complications and overdose of oral anticoagulant therapy;
- Anemia and hemorrhagic diathesis
- Transfusion issues (red blood cells, platelets and plasma substitutes) in hemorrhagic shock;
- Haemophilia:
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Metabolic and endocrinological emergencies:
- Emergencies in the diabetic patient (hypoglycemias, ketoacidotic coma, hyperosmolar coma)
- Hypoglycemia;
- Electrolytes disorders:
- Hypo- and hypernatremia;
- Hypo- and hyper-kalemia;
- Hypo- and hypercalcemia;
- Hypo- and hyperphosphoremia;
- Acid-base balance disorders
Nephrological emergencies:
- Acute renal failure (functional/organic)
- Extracorporeal renal purification systems
Gastroenterological emergencies:
- Clinical manifestations of acute and chronic liver failure
Teaching methods
Each credit includes hours of frontal and innovative teaching. The innovative teaching activities consist in the deepening of specific topics of the course syllabus, that will be selected by the students and the teacher. Such activity will be carried out in active collaboration between students and teacher.
Teaching Resources
· Paul L. Marino, The ICU Book
Anaesthesiology
MED/41 - ANAESTHESIOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 24 hours
Professor:
Chiumello Davide Alberto
General surgery
MED/18 - GENERAL SURGERY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 12 hours
Professors:
Baisi Alessandro, Barabino Matteo Mario
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 1
Lessons: 12 hours