Histological and Cytological Tecniques
A.Y. 2023/2024
Learning objectives
The course aims to provide the basic notions to:
1. know the organization of the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory
2. know the diagnostic activities and workflow of the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory
3. know the techniques for histology and cytology specimen preparation.
4. know the main ancillary techniques employed in the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory (immunohistochemistry, molecular pathology techniques).
1. know the organization of the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory
2. know the diagnostic activities and workflow of the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory
3. know the techniques for histology and cytology specimen preparation.
4. know the main ancillary techniques employed in the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory (immunohistochemistry, molecular pathology techniques).
Expected learning outcomes
The student will acquire knowledge on sample preparation techniques for histological and cytological analysis and diagnosis; the student will also understand the workflow of laboratory activities. This knowledge will be preparatory for the understanding and the application of these techniques for histopathological and cyto-pathological diagnostic activities and the execution during pathology internship.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Course syllabus
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
· Definition, scope and activities
PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
· Organization and personnel
AUTOPSY:
· Regulatory framework, dissection room and instruments, personnel
OPTICAL/LIGHT MICROSCOPE
· Components.
. Digital microscope.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
· Regulatory framework
· Specimen types
· Tracking
· Specimen collection, transport, preservation and storage
· Specimen acceptance
· Fixation and fixatives
· Sampling ("grossing")
· Tumor staging and TNM
· Tissue processing
· Tissue embedding
· Paraffin-embedded tissue block preparation
· Cutting and microtomes
· Unstained section preparation
· Cryosectioning
· Intraoperative examination
· Histopathological report
CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
· Specimens
· Preservatives and fixatives
· Sample preparation
· Smear
· Cytocentrifugation
· Thin-layer preparation
· Cell-block
· Fine needle aspiration
· Pap-test
HISTOLOGICAL STAINS
· Staining technique
· Morphological stains
· Special stains
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
· Transmission electron microscope
· Scanning electron microscope
· Sample preparation
· Ultrastructural examination
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
· Sample preparation
· Blocking steps
· Antigen retrieval
· Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
· Primary and secondary antibodies
· Direct detection method
· Indirect detection methods
· Labeling methods
· Immunofluorescence
· Chromogenic immunohistochemistry
· Controls
· Applications and most common antibodies
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
· Molecular pathology: definition, scope and activities
· Workflow: phases and laboratory organization
· Pre-analytical phase: sample evaluation and preparation
· Pre-analytical phase: test selection
· Analytical phase: in situ hybridization techniques
· Analytical phase: sequencing techniques
· Analytical phase: additional techniques (gene expression analyses, methylation analysis)
· Post-analytical phase (data analysis and interpretation and report)
BIOBANKS
· Definition, scope and regulatory framework
PATHOLOGY LABORATORY WORK ENVIRONMENT
· Occupational hazard
· Chemical hazards
· Physical hazards
· Personal protective equipment
· Definition, scope and activities
PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
· Organization and personnel
AUTOPSY:
· Regulatory framework, dissection room and instruments, personnel
OPTICAL/LIGHT MICROSCOPE
· Components.
. Digital microscope.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
· Regulatory framework
· Specimen types
· Tracking
· Specimen collection, transport, preservation and storage
· Specimen acceptance
· Fixation and fixatives
· Sampling ("grossing")
· Tumor staging and TNM
· Tissue processing
· Tissue embedding
· Paraffin-embedded tissue block preparation
· Cutting and microtomes
· Unstained section preparation
· Cryosectioning
· Intraoperative examination
· Histopathological report
CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
· Specimens
· Preservatives and fixatives
· Sample preparation
· Smear
· Cytocentrifugation
· Thin-layer preparation
· Cell-block
· Fine needle aspiration
· Pap-test
HISTOLOGICAL STAINS
· Staining technique
· Morphological stains
· Special stains
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
· Transmission electron microscope
· Scanning electron microscope
· Sample preparation
· Ultrastructural examination
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
· Sample preparation
· Blocking steps
· Antigen retrieval
· Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
· Primary and secondary antibodies
· Direct detection method
· Indirect detection methods
· Labeling methods
· Immunofluorescence
· Chromogenic immunohistochemistry
· Controls
· Applications and most common antibodies
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
· Molecular pathology: definition, scope and activities
· Workflow: phases and laboratory organization
· Pre-analytical phase: sample evaluation and preparation
· Pre-analytical phase: test selection
· Analytical phase: in situ hybridization techniques
· Analytical phase: sequencing techniques
· Analytical phase: additional techniques (gene expression analyses, methylation analysis)
· Post-analytical phase (data analysis and interpretation and report)
BIOBANKS
· Definition, scope and regulatory framework
PATHOLOGY LABORATORY WORK ENVIRONMENT
· Occupational hazard
· Chemical hazards
· Physical hazards
· Personal protective equipment
Prerequisites for admission
Basic knowledges of anatomy and molecular biology
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons assisted by visual tools
Practical exercises
Practical exercises
Teaching Resources
In Ariel platform Students will find teaching materials .
Assessment methods and Criteria
Oral examination.
The evaluation is a grade expressed out of thirty.
The evaluation is a grade expressed out of thirty.
MED/08 - PATHOLOGY - University credits: 5
Practicals: 15 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Professors:
Guerini Rocco Elena, Vingiani Andrea
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)