Laboratories
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
Teaching aims to provide students with the basics of:
- acquire expertise to develop complex bibliography research strategies in your own disciplines, using both freely available tools on the network and resources provided by the University
- acquire skills for using excel software
- acquire expertise to develop complex bibliography research strategies in your own disciplines, using both freely available tools on the network and resources provided by the University
- acquire skills for using excel software
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
KNOWLEDGE
- Explain the fundamental concepts of pedagogy
- Describe the adult learning theory and andragogy
- Discuss the importance of learning from experience, in adult education
- Explain the importance of learning in the field in healthcare contexts
- Discuss the process of needs analysis in continuing medical education and their different types: general needs and specific needs of a certain hospital/community service
- Describe the difference among explicit, implicit and latent educational needs of the professional and the instruments that are more suitable for the analysis of those different types of needs
- Indicate who can be involved in the analysis of educational needs in healthcare systems.
- Discuss the main characteristics of focus groups.
- Describe the different taxonomies of learning objectives, as proposed by J.J. Guilbert.
- Discuss why learning objectives were overcome by outcome-based education.
- Describe the main characteristics of competence.
- Plan an educational process: discuss the difference between course schedule, course plan, and CME training offer of a hospital/local authority.
- Explain how to plan a university course/module.
- Discuss different options in choosing training methods.
- Consider the problem of alignment between knowledge/skills to be developed and training methodologies.
- Illustrate the traditional training methods (lectures and seminars): discuss when to use them, explaining strengths and limits of those methods.
- Sort different types of lesson.
- Explain how to plan and manage an effective lesson.
- Examine some active training methods (case analysis, problem based learning, practical skills labs, role playing), illustrating how they should be managed.
- Give examples of tools aimed at facilitating learning in the field (portfolios, learning contracts).
- Explain the different meanings of "evaluation" in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education.
- Discuss the importance of formative evaluation and describe how feedback should be given.
- Explain the Kirkpatrick model, as a tool for planning an evaluation system
- Describe how to choose/construct the assessment tools when evaluating knowledge, practical skills, and communication skills.
- Discuss the complexity of evaluating long-term outcomes of an educational process.
- Discuss regulatory and organizational aspects of continuing medical education (CME) in Italy.
- Explain the main characteristics of Continuing Professional Development in the Italian CME system and accredited methodologies to develop it (audit, quality improvement groups, research, stages).
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE
- Prepare the questioning route for the management of a focus group on a given topic/problem
- Write the specific objectives of a course/educational path
- Plan a 4-hour lesson/module
- Write questions for a Multiple Choice Question test
- Critically analyze the program of a CME course
SOFT SKILLS
- Critically reflect on ethical issues in the training and evaluation of health professionals
- Communicate effectively in a group working in presence and remotely (e.g. through a discussion blog)
- Use the main databases available in the health field to continuously update knowledge in the field of healthcare professionals' training
KNOWLEDGE
- Explain the fundamental concepts of pedagogy
- Describe the adult learning theory and andragogy
- Discuss the importance of learning from experience, in adult education
- Explain the importance of learning in the field in healthcare contexts
- Discuss the process of needs analysis in continuing medical education and their different types: general needs and specific needs of a certain hospital/community service
- Describe the difference among explicit, implicit and latent educational needs of the professional and the instruments that are more suitable for the analysis of those different types of needs
- Indicate who can be involved in the analysis of educational needs in healthcare systems.
- Discuss the main characteristics of focus groups.
- Describe the different taxonomies of learning objectives, as proposed by J.J. Guilbert.
- Discuss why learning objectives were overcome by outcome-based education.
- Describe the main characteristics of competence.
- Plan an educational process: discuss the difference between course schedule, course plan, and CME training offer of a hospital/local authority.
- Explain how to plan a university course/module.
- Discuss different options in choosing training methods.
- Consider the problem of alignment between knowledge/skills to be developed and training methodologies.
- Illustrate the traditional training methods (lectures and seminars): discuss when to use them, explaining strengths and limits of those methods.
- Sort different types of lesson.
- Explain how to plan and manage an effective lesson.
- Examine some active training methods (case analysis, problem based learning, practical skills labs, role playing), illustrating how they should be managed.
- Give examples of tools aimed at facilitating learning in the field (portfolios, learning contracts).
- Explain the different meanings of "evaluation" in undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education.
- Discuss the importance of formative evaluation and describe how feedback should be given.
- Explain the Kirkpatrick model, as a tool for planning an evaluation system
- Describe how to choose/construct the assessment tools when evaluating knowledge, practical skills, and communication skills.
- Discuss the complexity of evaluating long-term outcomes of an educational process.
- Discuss regulatory and organizational aspects of continuing medical education (CME) in Italy.
- Explain the main characteristics of Continuing Professional Development in the Italian CME system and accredited methodologies to develop it (audit, quality improvement groups, research, stages).
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE
- Prepare the questioning route for the management of a focus group on a given topic/problem
- Write the specific objectives of a course/educational path
- Plan a 4-hour lesson/module
- Write questions for a Multiple Choice Question test
- Critically analyze the program of a CME course
SOFT SKILLS
- Critically reflect on ethical issues in the training and evaluation of health professionals
- Communicate effectively in a group working in presence and remotely (e.g. through a discussion blog)
- Use the main databases available in the health field to continuously update knowledge in the field of healthcare professionals' training
Lesson period: Open sessions
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Course syllabus
MODULE 1 - RICERCA BIBLIOGRAFICA
Teaching workshop on bibliographic research:
Resources for Health Research in the University Digital Library
Methods for bibliographic research
PubMed: database structure, searching tools, retrieval of results
Embase: database structure, searching tools,retrieval of results
Hints on other online databases and resources for health research
MODULO 2 - EXCEL
The course program is structured as follows:
Lesson 1: "Building a Survey for Data Collection": designing a research question; identifying endpoints, outcomes, and independent variables; creating the survey in Microsoft Forms; administering to the target population.
Lesson 2: "Guide to Analysis in Excel": constructing frequency tables and charts for nominal and ordinal qualitative variables; constructing frequency tables and charts for discrete and continuous quantitative variables; indices of location and dispersion; tests on means and tests on proportions; correlation; introduction to linear regression.
Group project: choosing a theme for each group to explore; translating objectives into a survey; sending the survey to the target population; analyzing results and receiving further guidance/tutoring on Excel; presenting and exporting results; organizing the presentation; final presentation.
MODULO 3 - LABORATORIO PEDAGOGICO
The training-educational course aims to provide advanced cultural and professional training to be able to intervene competently in the didactic-training processes in the areas pertinent to the various health profiles included in the Rehabilitation Class. The Laboratory activity includes a training course aimed at carrying out a classroom lesson by the student in I and II level university courses or complementary (Master's)
Teaching workshop on bibliographic research:
Resources for Health Research in the University Digital Library
Methods for bibliographic research
PubMed: database structure, searching tools, retrieval of results
Embase: database structure, searching tools,retrieval of results
Hints on other online databases and resources for health research
MODULO 2 - EXCEL
The course program is structured as follows:
Lesson 1: "Building a Survey for Data Collection": designing a research question; identifying endpoints, outcomes, and independent variables; creating the survey in Microsoft Forms; administering to the target population.
Lesson 2: "Guide to Analysis in Excel": constructing frequency tables and charts for nominal and ordinal qualitative variables; constructing frequency tables and charts for discrete and continuous quantitative variables; indices of location and dispersion; tests on means and tests on proportions; correlation; introduction to linear regression.
Group project: choosing a theme for each group to explore; translating objectives into a survey; sending the survey to the target population; analyzing results and receiving further guidance/tutoring on Excel; presenting and exporting results; organizing the presentation; final presentation.
MODULO 3 - LABORATORIO PEDAGOGICO
The training-educational course aims to provide advanced cultural and professional training to be able to intervene competently in the didactic-training processes in the areas pertinent to the various health profiles included in the Rehabilitation Class. The Laboratory activity includes a training course aimed at carrying out a classroom lesson by the student in I and II level university courses or complementary (Master's)
Prerequisites for admission
For the "Bibliographic research" and "Excel" modules laboratory, basic knowledge on the use of the office package and skills in knowing how to surf the internet are required.
Attendance and / or inclusion in the study plan of the teaching Progettazione e gestione dei processi formativi is recommended for the teaching workshop.
Attendance and / or inclusion in the study plan of the teaching Progettazione e gestione dei processi formativi is recommended for the teaching workshop.
Teaching methods
MODULE 1 - RICERCA BIBLIOGRAFICA
The teaching workshop on bibliographic research is delivered in a blended mode through:
- Lectures in asynchronous mode, through the completion of a lab on Moodle platform, available from Ariel
- Guided classroom exercises
- Individual and group exercises carried out at home on topics assigned by the teachers. Individual exercises provide for collective corrections in the classroom, the group exercises provide for the presentation of the groups to the class
MODULO 2 - EXCEL
Students will be divided into four work groups, expandable to five so that no group exceeds seven members. During lab activities, each group will create a survey to answer a research question of their choice, develop it in Microsoft Forms, and then administer the survey to the target population, concluding with the analysis of the data in Microsoft Excel. Additionally, a guided Excel workshop will be held to introduce the students to statistical analysis of a dataset by using data from a survey administered by the teachers to the students themselves.
The course will be delivered through lectures in a computer lab, where PCs equipped with the necessary software are provided, eliminating the need for students to bring their own laptops. For exercises outside the classroom, students can use Microsoft Excel from the Office 365 Education package for free by accessing office.com with their university credentials (@unimi.it, @studenti.unimi.it).
In the academic Microsoft Teams Laboratory Team, which students will be added to before the course starts, the following will be available: (i) group-specific channels, where students can interact with each other for analysis and study; (ii) a channel with teaching materials, including PDF slides and a sample dataset; (iii) a Questions & Answers channel for interaction with the teachers.
The final presentation will be conducted in Microsoft PowerPoint or similar software, with results exported from Microsoft Excel.
There will also be an opportunity for a theoretical review of basic concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics.
MODULO 3 - LABORATORIO PEDAGOGICO
The proposal for the Laboratory activity (lesson) is submitted by the student and submitted to the approval of the Lecturer in Charge, pursuant to the Interministerial Ministerial Decree of February 2009.
The Laboratory activity carried out by the student will be evaluated by the Tutor through the compilation of a questionnaire; the lesson will also be evaluated by the learners-students through a questionnaire. The lesson is held in affiliated locations under the guidance of a Tutor.
The teaching workshop on bibliographic research is delivered in a blended mode through:
- Lectures in asynchronous mode, through the completion of a lab on Moodle platform, available from Ariel
- Guided classroom exercises
- Individual and group exercises carried out at home on topics assigned by the teachers. Individual exercises provide for collective corrections in the classroom, the group exercises provide for the presentation of the groups to the class
MODULO 2 - EXCEL
Students will be divided into four work groups, expandable to five so that no group exceeds seven members. During lab activities, each group will create a survey to answer a research question of their choice, develop it in Microsoft Forms, and then administer the survey to the target population, concluding with the analysis of the data in Microsoft Excel. Additionally, a guided Excel workshop will be held to introduce the students to statistical analysis of a dataset by using data from a survey administered by the teachers to the students themselves.
The course will be delivered through lectures in a computer lab, where PCs equipped with the necessary software are provided, eliminating the need for students to bring their own laptops. For exercises outside the classroom, students can use Microsoft Excel from the Office 365 Education package for free by accessing office.com with their university credentials (@unimi.it, @studenti.unimi.it).
In the academic Microsoft Teams Laboratory Team, which students will be added to before the course starts, the following will be available: (i) group-specific channels, where students can interact with each other for analysis and study; (ii) a channel with teaching materials, including PDF slides and a sample dataset; (iii) a Questions & Answers channel for interaction with the teachers.
The final presentation will be conducted in Microsoft PowerPoint or similar software, with results exported from Microsoft Excel.
There will also be an opportunity for a theoretical review of basic concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics.
MODULO 3 - LABORATORIO PEDAGOGICO
The proposal for the Laboratory activity (lesson) is submitted by the student and submitted to the approval of the Lecturer in Charge, pursuant to the Interministerial Ministerial Decree of February 2009.
The Laboratory activity carried out by the student will be evaluated by the Tutor through the compilation of a questionnaire; the lesson will also be evaluated by the learners-students through a questionnaire. The lesson is held in affiliated locations under the guidance of a Tutor.
Teaching Resources
MODULE 1 - RICERCA BIBLIOGRAFICA
No textbooks are to be adopted; for the teaching workshop on bibliographic research teaching materials (mainly in video format) are available on Moodle.
MODULE 2 - EXCEL
The educational materials will be provided by the instructors and will be made available on the Microsoft Teams platform.
MODULE 3 - PEDAGOGICAL LABORATORY
The reference material and the bibliography are specific in relation to the topic of the lesson.
No textbooks are to be adopted; for the teaching workshop on bibliographic research teaching materials (mainly in video format) are available on Moodle.
MODULE 2 - EXCEL
The educational materials will be provided by the instructors and will be made available on the Microsoft Teams platform.
MODULE 3 - PEDAGOGICAL LABORATORY
The reference material and the bibliography are specific in relation to the topic of the lesson.
Assessment methods and Criteria
MODULE 1 - RICERCA BIBLIOGRAFICA
For the teaching workshop on bibliographic research, the expected learning outcomes are assessed through a classroom presentation of the methodological steps of a bibliographic search concerning a specific a topic, and by a written test consisting of carrying out a literature search. Failure to pass the written test will result in the requirement to repeat the workshop the following year.
MODULE 2 - EXCEL
The final examination will consist of a presentation on the group project, not to exceed 30 minutes. This assessment will be graded by the course instructors on a pass/fail basis. The presentation should be structured as follows:
- Brief introduction (theoretical problem, objectives, and measurement of the objective)
- Presentation of the survey (structure, measured variables, and outcome variable)
- Descriptive analysis of the results, displaying the responses in both graphical and tabular formats
- Inferential analysis of the outcome in relation to the measured variables (including at least one hypothesis test)
- Discussion of the results in relation to the objectives and initial hypotheses
Each group member's participation in presenting the results is a necessary condition for passing the examination.
MODULE 3 - PEDAGOGICAL LABORATORY
The final test consists in carrying out the lesson in the classroom and in the evaluation by both the learners and the tutor guide.
For the teaching workshop on bibliographic research, the expected learning outcomes are assessed through a classroom presentation of the methodological steps of a bibliographic search concerning a specific a topic, and by a written test consisting of carrying out a literature search. Failure to pass the written test will result in the requirement to repeat the workshop the following year.
MODULE 2 - EXCEL
The final examination will consist of a presentation on the group project, not to exceed 30 minutes. This assessment will be graded by the course instructors on a pass/fail basis. The presentation should be structured as follows:
- Brief introduction (theoretical problem, objectives, and measurement of the objective)
- Presentation of the survey (structure, measured variables, and outcome variable)
- Descriptive analysis of the results, displaying the responses in both graphical and tabular formats
- Inferential analysis of the outcome in relation to the measured variables (including at least one hypothesis test)
- Discussion of the results in relation to the objectives and initial hypotheses
Each group member's participation in presenting the results is a necessary condition for passing the examination.
MODULE 3 - PEDAGOGICAL LABORATORY
The final test consists in carrying out the lesson in the classroom and in the evaluation by both the learners and the tutor guide.
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)