Precision Pharmacology and Gender Therapy

Modulo- Medicina di Genere - Gender Therapy
The incidence, clinical manifestations, response to therapy and side effects of some pathologies, as well as lifestyles and response to nutrients can be very different depending on sex. In this context, hormones play an important role in determining these sexual differences. Based on these concepts, it is clear how endocrine and metabolic disorders frequently show marked gender differences. This requires a specific approach based on gender to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway. This course aims to provide the basis to understand the specific molecular, cellular and biological mechanisms on which the peculiar physiopathological differences of gender are based and which determine the different response to drugs.
Modulo: Farmacologia di precisione - Precision Pharmacology
L'insegnamento si propone di fornire agli studenti le basi teoriche per comprendere, nel trattamento e nella prevenzione delle malattie, gli approcci emergenti di farmacologia di precisione che tengano conto del genere e della variabilità individuale, per quanto riguarda sia le caratteristiche genetiche, che di ambiente e di stili di vita. Verranno discussi esempi concreti di come la combinazione di dati genomici e comportamentali con dati di farmacocinetica e farmacodinamica consentano di individuare terapie che agiscono direttamente e in modo estremamente specifico sulla causa della malattia nel singolo individuo o in sottopopolazioni di pazienti. Le esercitazioni permetteranno di analizzare l'impatto di polimorfismi genetici sulla risposta farmacologica.

Modulo- Medicina di Genere - Gender Therapy
At the end of the course, students have to demonstrate they possess the basic knowledge of gender differences and know how to decline them within the pathophysiological contexts addressed in the course.
Modulo: Farmacologia di precisione - Precision Pharmacology
At the end of the course, the student will be able to: 1) define how genetic and environmental profiles can influence individual responses to pharmacological agents; 2) predict the necessary changes that should be made to a drug's dosage in order to reduce its side effects and/or optimize its efficacy, and test whether and how already marketed drugs may be used for new and different therapeutic indications ("repurposed" drugs); 3) test how diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease, already in use or recently introduced, can be employed to predict the in vivo action of drugs; 4) critically interpret data on the effects of pharmacological agents taking into account available pharmacogenomic information; 5) use genetic databases and critically analyze data reported in the scientific literature.