Cardiovascular Diseases
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
- To acquire knowledge of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system
- To acquire the knowledge of the basic principles of electrical activity of the heart
- To acquire the knowledge of specialized surgery techniques in treatment of cardiovascular diseases
- To acquire knowledge of non-invasive diagnostic techniques and extracorporeal circulation techniques
- To acquire the knowledge of the basic principles of electrical activity of the heart
- To acquire the knowledge of specialized surgery techniques in treatment of cardiovascular diseases
- To acquire knowledge of non-invasive diagnostic techniques and extracorporeal circulation techniques
Expected learning outcomes
- In-depth knowledge of cardiac anatomy in relation to specialized surgical techniques
- Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system
- Ability to interpret cardiac function through the electrocardiogram
- Knowledge of the materials used for extracorporeal circulation
- Monitoring and interpretation of data concerning vital functions
- Knowledge of the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system
- Ability to interpret cardiac function through the electrocardiogram
- Knowledge of the materials used for extracorporeal circulation
- Monitoring and interpretation of data concerning vital functions
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Prerequisites for admission
No prior knowledge is required
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam will be written. It will mainly consist of multiple choice questions with the addition of some open questions, in addition it will be possible, at the discretion of the teacher, to carry out an additional oral test.
Physiopathology of the cardiovascular system
Course syllabus
Electrocardiography principles
Arterial hypertension: etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and clinical signs.
Chronic ischemic heart disease: Angina pectoris: definition, anginal pain characteristics, classification. ECG changes during ischemia; provocative tests of reversible myocardial ischemia. Anginal crisis therapy. Medical treatment of the patient with stable angina pectoris. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Clinical and anatomical indications for myocardial revascularization procedures.
Stenosis and aortic insufficiency: etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, Instrumental examinations: chest radiography, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization. Medical therapy: prevention of complications, optimization of hemodynamics.
Stenosis and mitral insufficiency: etiology and pathogenesis, pathophysiology, symptoms and clinical signs, Instrumental examinations: chest radiography, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization. Complications. Medical therapy: prevention of complications, optimization of hemodynamics.
Mitral valve prolapse and tricuspid insufficiency: definition, epidemiology, structural and functional alterations, general clinical picture, physical semiotics, echocardiographic measurements. Natural history and complications
Heart failure: Definition, Etiology. Pathophysiology
Cardiomyopathies: Definition and classification: primitive forms (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle) and secondary forms; etiology, genetic aspects and molecular biology; clinical picture, ecg, echocardiogram, hemodynamic profiles, diagnosis criteria, natural history and complications, risk stratification. Medical therapy.
Pericardial diseases: Acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis: etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, echocardiographic aspects; natural history, principles of therapy.
Arterial hypertension: etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and clinical signs.
Chronic ischemic heart disease: Angina pectoris: definition, anginal pain characteristics, classification. ECG changes during ischemia; provocative tests of reversible myocardial ischemia. Anginal crisis therapy. Medical treatment of the patient with stable angina pectoris. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Clinical and anatomical indications for myocardial revascularization procedures.
Stenosis and aortic insufficiency: etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, Instrumental examinations: chest radiography, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization. Medical therapy: prevention of complications, optimization of hemodynamics.
Stenosis and mitral insufficiency: etiology and pathogenesis, pathophysiology, symptoms and clinical signs, Instrumental examinations: chest radiography, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization. Complications. Medical therapy: prevention of complications, optimization of hemodynamics.
Mitral valve prolapse and tricuspid insufficiency: definition, epidemiology, structural and functional alterations, general clinical picture, physical semiotics, echocardiographic measurements. Natural history and complications
Heart failure: Definition, Etiology. Pathophysiology
Cardiomyopathies: Definition and classification: primitive forms (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle) and secondary forms; etiology, genetic aspects and molecular biology; clinical picture, ecg, echocardiogram, hemodynamic profiles, diagnosis criteria, natural history and complications, risk stratification. Medical therapy.
Pericardial diseases: Acute pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis: etiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and signs, echocardiographic aspects; natural history, principles of therapy.
Teaching methods
The courses will include lectures with the possible addition of laboratory exercises
Teaching Resources
MARTINDALE J. L.; BROWN D. F. M.- GUIDA ILLUSTRATA ALL'INTERPRETAZIONE DELL'ECG- Piccin
Michael B. Gravanis - FISIOPATOLOGIA CARDIOVASCOLARE - McGRAW-HILL
Michael B. Gravanis - FISIOPATOLOGIA CARDIOVASCOLARE - McGRAW-HILL
Physiopathology of operable heart diseases
Course syllabus
Right and left atrium anatomy and pathophysiology
Right and left ventricle anatomy and pathophysiology
Cardiac valve anatomy and pathophysiology
Introduction to the conduction system
Right and left ventricle anatomy and pathophysiology
Cardiac valve anatomy and pathophysiology
Introduction to the conduction system
Teaching methods
The courses will include lectures with the possible addition of laboratory exercises
Teaching Resources
Surgical Anatomy of the heart (Wilcox - Cook - Anderson) 3rd Edition
Physiopathology of extracorporeal circulation
Course syllabus
Monitoring of the patient in the operating room
Components of the heart-lung machine
Guidelines for behavior in the operating room
Components of the extracorporeal circuit
Heat exchangers
cannulas
Components of the heart-lung machine
Guidelines for behavior in the operating room
Components of the extracorporeal circuit
Heat exchangers
cannulas
Teaching methods
The courses will include lectures with the possible addition of laboratory exercises
Teaching Resources
Casthely, Bregman - Circolazione extracorporea. Fisiologia, relative complicanze e farmacologia - Ed. CLUEB Bologna
Lodi, Noera, Costantini - Circolazione extracorporea e supporti circolatori
joe R. Utley - Cardiopulmonary bypass
Philip H.Kay, B. Munaretto - Tecniche di circolazione extracorporea
Mora - Cardioplumonary Bypass
Lodi, Noera, Costantini - Circolazione extracorporea e supporti circolatori
joe R. Utley - Cardiopulmonary bypass
Philip H.Kay, B. Munaretto - Tecniche di circolazione extracorporea
Mora - Cardioplumonary Bypass
Modules or teaching units
Physiopathology of extracorporeal circulation
MED/50 - APPLIED MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professors:
Capozzoli Angelica, Cervellione Rosario
Physiopathology of operable heart diseases
MED/23 - HEART SURGERY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Physiopathology of the cardiovascular system
MED/11 - CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Montorsi Piero
Professor(s)