Clinical Training - Medicine
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
1. is aimed at ascertaining the student's abilities related to knowing "how to do" and "how to be" a doctor. This consists in applying biomedical and clinical knowledge to medical practice, in resolving ethical issues, in demonstrating aptitude to solve clinical problems related to the areas of medicine and surgery and related specialties, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and public health, and to apply the principles of good and clear communication.
2. is based on 5 CFU for each month and is divided into the following periods, even non-consecutive: one month in the surgical area, one month in the medical area, one month in the area of general medicine, during the sixth year of the course, at the office of a general practitioner.
3. certification of attendance and evaluation is under the direct responsibility of the university professor or medical director, responsible of the structure attended by the trainee, and the general practitioner, who issue a formal certificate of attendance and express, after having evaluated the results relating to the skills demonstrated, in the positive case, a judgment of suitability, on this diary-booklet, which is divided into a descriptive part of the activities performed and an evaluation part of the competences demonstrated.
4. The practical training certificate is obtained only in the case of achievement of a positive evaluation for each of the three periods.
2. is based on 5 CFU for each month and is divided into the following periods, even non-consecutive: one month in the surgical area, one month in the medical area, one month in the area of general medicine, during the sixth year of the course, at the office of a general practitioner.
3. certification of attendance and evaluation is under the direct responsibility of the university professor or medical director, responsible of the structure attended by the trainee, and the general practitioner, who issue a formal certificate of attendance and express, after having evaluated the results relating to the skills demonstrated, in the positive case, a judgment of suitability, on this diary-booklet, which is divided into a descriptive part of the activities performed and an evaluation part of the competences demonstrated.
4. The practical training certificate is obtained only in the case of achievement of a positive evaluation for each of the three periods.
Expected learning outcomes
- The student is able to put into practice the principles of the patient-doctor relationship: medical interview, contact, information, clarity, acquisition of consent.
- The student is capable to obtain medical history and perform a physical examination in the outpatient context
- The student has knowledge and capacity to apply the clinical reasoning: to distinguish between primary urgent complaints and secondary problems; to suggest a diagnostic hypothesis and to individualise the diagnostic methods of greater specificity and sensitivity to confirm or reject the hypothesis
- The student is skilled to interpret the laboratory exams
- The student is skilled to interpret the medical reports of the diagnostic imaging examinations
- The student is oriented in decision-making regarding the pharmacological treatment
- The student is able to compile the report of hospital admission/discharge and to write a discharge letter
- The student is able to judge the appropriateness of the hospital discharge and to suggest the rehabilitation solutions or recovery in other facilities
- The student is capable to frame the reason of ospitalization taking into account possible chronic illnesses, further critical conditions and patient's frailty
- The student is able to demonstrate the skills of prevention and sanitary education
- The student demonstrates the knowledge and awareness of the National Healthcare System and Local Healthcare System
- The student interacts in an appropriate manner with the medical personnel, nurses and the department technicians
- The student demonstrates the awareness and knowledge of the different roles of the medical team members
- The student is capable to obtain medical history and perform a physical examination in the outpatient context
- The student has knowledge and capacity to apply the clinical reasoning: to distinguish between primary urgent complaints and secondary problems; to suggest a diagnostic hypothesis and to individualise the diagnostic methods of greater specificity and sensitivity to confirm or reject the hypothesis
- The student is skilled to interpret the laboratory exams
- The student is skilled to interpret the medical reports of the diagnostic imaging examinations
- The student is oriented in decision-making regarding the pharmacological treatment
- The student is able to compile the report of hospital admission/discharge and to write a discharge letter
- The student is able to judge the appropriateness of the hospital discharge and to suggest the rehabilitation solutions or recovery in other facilities
- The student is capable to frame the reason of ospitalization taking into account possible chronic illnesses, further critical conditions and patient's frailty
- The student is able to demonstrate the skills of prevention and sanitary education
- The student demonstrates the knowledge and awareness of the National Healthcare System and Local Healthcare System
- The student interacts in an appropriate manner with the medical personnel, nurses and the department technicians
- The student demonstrates the awareness and knowledge of the different roles of the medical team members
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Giudizio di approvazione
Assessment result: superato/non superato
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Course syllabus
- anamnestic collection and objective examination of the patient with surgical pathology
- differential diagnosis between the main pathologies related to the clinical case
- definition of diagnostic hypotheses with the identification of further first-level investigations in order to define the pathophysiology and the etiology of the patients' heath issue;
- decision-making process to identify the nature and priority of the patient's health issue and specifically in the prescription of a surgical treatment taking into account any chronicity, other criticalities and frailty of patients
- drafting an admission report (including description of aspects related to the surgical indication of the pathology requiring admission)
- interpretation of laboratory examinations
- interpretation of diagnostic imaging examination reports
- managing the clinical diary and therapies during hospitalization
- drafting discharge reports (including drafting the discharge letter)
- managing patients in protected discharge during outpatient follow-up
- differential diagnosis between the main pathologies related to the clinical case
- definition of diagnostic hypotheses with the identification of further first-level investigations in order to define the pathophysiology and the etiology of the patients' heath issue;
- decision-making process to identify the nature and priority of the patient's health issue and specifically in the prescription of a surgical treatment taking into account any chronicity, other criticalities and frailty of patients
- drafting an admission report (including description of aspects related to the surgical indication of the pathology requiring admission)
- interpretation of laboratory examinations
- interpretation of diagnostic imaging examination reports
- managing the clinical diary and therapies during hospitalization
- drafting discharge reports (including drafting the discharge letter)
- managing patients in protected discharge during outpatient follow-up
Prerequisites for admission
The student must have passed all the examinations of the integrated courses of the first four years of the Medicine and Surgery curriculum, in accordance with the rules and regulations.
Teaching methods
The internship takes place through attendance in inpatient wards, outpatient clinics, day hospital, emergency room activities and discussion of clinical cases.
Teaching Resources
The course does not refer to any particular texts. Constant attention is paid during the teaching activities to providing references for consulting up-to-date literature available online, with particular emphasis on the New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, British Medical Journal-BMJ; journals published by the American College of Physicians; Cochrane Library.
Each lecture of the course provides the essential bibliographic references related to the topics covered. In general terms, students are constantly encouraged to integrate the clinical subjects addressed in the course with the so-called pre-clinical ones, following the suggestions reported in the following bibliographic source:
- A.L. Spencer, T. Brosenitsch, A.S. Levine, S.L. Kanter. Back to the Basic Sciences: An Innovative Approach to Teaching Senior Medical Students How Best to Integrate Basic Science and Clinical Medicine. Acad Med. 2008; 83:662-66
Each lecture of the course provides the essential bibliographic references related to the topics covered. In general terms, students are constantly encouraged to integrate the clinical subjects addressed in the course with the so-called pre-clinical ones, following the suggestions reported in the following bibliographic source:
- A.L. Spencer, T. Brosenitsch, A.S. Levine, S.L. Kanter. Back to the Basic Sciences: An Innovative Approach to Teaching Senior Medical Students How Best to Integrate Basic Science and Clinical Medicine. Acad Med. 2008; 83:662-66
Assessment methods and Criteria
The placement is deemed to have been passed if the student receives a Pass grade from the Internship tutor and the Faculty coordinator of the Area.
- University credits: 5
Professional training: 100 hours