Fundamentals of Clinical Medicine 1 (Clerkship)
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
Practical activities will be used, through simulation or in the ward, to consolidate technical and soft knowledge and skills developed during frontal lectures.
Expected learning outcomes
Students are expected to:
a) take the history of the patient
b) perform a clinical examination of the thorax: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
c) perform a clinical examination of the precordial region: palpation, auscultation
c) examine the arterial pulses - measure blood pressure
d) perform a clinical examination of the abdomen: inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation ((liver, spleen)
d) perform an ECG recording - describe ECG recordings: depicit pathological signs
e) describe and analyse blood gas analysis
f) describe and analyse urinary sediment
a) take the history of the patient
b) perform a clinical examination of the thorax: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
c) perform a clinical examination of the precordial region: palpation, auscultation
c) examine the arterial pulses - measure blood pressure
d) perform a clinical examination of the abdomen: inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation ((liver, spleen)
d) perform an ECG recording - describe ECG recordings: depicit pathological signs
e) describe and analyse blood gas analysis
f) describe and analyse urinary sediment
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Giudizio di approvazione
Assessment result: superato/non superato
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
To take the Fundamental of Clinical Medicine 1 exam, students must have already passed all the exams of the first year (Fundamentals of Basic Sciences, Cells, Molecules and Genes , Histology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, Fundamentals of biomedical imaging) and all the exams of second years (Functions 1 and 2, Microbiology, Genetics and Mechanisms of diseases
Assessment methods and Criteria
Students' assessment is based on an oral examination. Examinations on two consecutive days are seldom possible depending upon the availability of teachers or rooms. The final mark is the average of the marks obtained in the 5 disciplines: internal medicine, general surgery, cardiovascular diseases, nephrology, and respiratory diseases, weighted for the number of credits in each discipline.
The examination is deemed passed if the mark for each of the 5 disciplines is 18/30 or higher. In the event of a full grade (30/30) honors (lode) may be granted with the consent of all the professors.
Registration to the exam through SIFA is mandatory.
The examination is deemed passed if the mark for each of the 5 disciplines is 18/30 or higher. In the event of a full grade (30/30) honors (lode) may be granted with the consent of all the professors.
Registration to the exam through SIFA is mandatory.
General surgery
Course syllabus
GENERAL SURGERY
Surgeon's behavior in the Operating room, basic principles of asepsis and patient's preparation to surgery
Physical examination and clinical signs of the abdomen, chest, breast (surgery related), and genito-urinary apparatus, vascular system, lump, masses, and ulcer
Surgeon's behavior in the Operating room, basic principles of asepsis and patient's preparation to surgery
Physical examination and clinical signs of the abdomen, chest, breast (surgery related), and genito-urinary apparatus, vascular system, lump, masses, and ulcer
Teaching methods
Clerkship attendance and sufficient exposure to practice (i.e. simulation lab, formal patients examination at bedside, training of basic medical-surgical techniques etc.) will be registered, as clinical teaching will be based also on direct participation of the students to different aspects of the hospital life.
Teaching Resources
GENERAL SURGERY
Hamilton Bailey's Physical signs: Demonstrations of physical signs in clinical surgery. 19th Edition. CRC Press, 2016
Hamilton Bailey's Physical signs: Demonstrations of physical signs in clinical surgery. 19th Edition. CRC Press, 2016
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
History taking: a comprehensive health history, the techniques of skilled interviewing, the sequence and context of the interviewing, cultural and cognitive contest, exploring patients' perspective
Signs and symptoms. Beginning the physical examination: general survey, vital signs and pain.
Overview of general examination
The thorax, lung, and cardiovascular system: techniques of examinations
The abdomen examination related to medical approach (liver, spleen, and pancreas problems)
Signs and symptoms. Beginning the physical examination: general survey, vital signs and pain.
Overview of general examination
The thorax, lung, and cardiovascular system: techniques of examinations
The abdomen examination related to medical approach (liver, spleen, and pancreas problems)
Teaching methods
Clerkship attendance and sufficient exposure to practice (i.e. simulation lab, formal patients examination at bedside, training of basic medical-surgical techniques etc.) will be registered, as clinical teaching will be based also on direct participation of the students to different aspects of the hospital life.
Teaching Resources
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2021 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2021 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Respiratory diseases
Course syllabus
Pulmonary function tests
Clinical approach to: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, Obstructive and Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory infections, Pleural diseases, Acute and chronic respiratory failure (RF)
Examination of laboratory tests
Clinical approach to: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, Obstructive and Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory infections, Pleural diseases, Acute and chronic respiratory failure (RF)
Examination of laboratory tests
Teaching methods
Clerkship attendance and sufficient exposure to practice (i.e. simulation lab, formal patients examination at bedside, training of basic medical-surgical techniques etc.) will be registered, as clinical teaching will be based also on direct participation of the students to different aspects of the hospital life.
Teaching Resources
INTERNAL MEDICINE, CARDIOLOGY, NEPHOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Cardiovascular diseases
Course syllabus
ECG: normal, Arrhythmias Ischemic heart disease
Clinical approach to Valvular heart disease , Pericarditis and endocarditis, Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension
Diagnostic Cardiac and Cardiovascular imaging
Examination of laboratory tests
Clinical approach to Valvular heart disease , Pericarditis and endocarditis, Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension
Diagnostic Cardiac and Cardiovascular imaging
Examination of laboratory tests
Teaching methods
Clerkship attendance and sufficient exposure to practice (i.e. simulation lab, formal patients examination at bedside, training of basic medical-surgical techniques etc.) will be registered, as clinical teaching will be based also on direct participation of the students to different aspects of the hospital life.
Teaching Resources
INTERNAL MEDICINE, CARDIOLOGY, NEPHOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Nephrology
Course syllabus
Clinical approach to patients with urinary tract and renal infection, acute kidney injury / acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, renal vascular diseases
Management of artificial kidney
Examination of laboratory tests, analysis of the urinary sediment
Management of artificial kidney
Examination of laboratory tests, analysis of the urinary sediment
Teaching methods
Clerkship attendance and sufficient exposure to practice (i.e. simulation lab, formal patients examination at bedside, training of basic medical-surgical techniques etc.) will be registered, as clinical teaching will be based also on direct participation of the students to different aspects of the hospital life.
Teaching Resources
INTERNAL MEDICINE, CARDIOLOGY, NEPHOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Lynn Bickley. Bates' Physical examination and history taking. Lippincott
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2022 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Goldman's Cecil Medicine L. Goldman, A. I. Schafer, 25th ed., Elsevier, 2015
Making Sense of Exercise Texting, R. B. Schoene, H. T. Robertson, CRC Press, 2019
Modules or teaching units
Cardiovascular diseases
MED/11 - CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES - University credits: 1
Clerkship (professional training): 25 hours
Professor:
Agostoni Piergiuseppe
General surgery
MED/18 - GENERAL SURGERY - University credits: 1
Clerkship (professional training): 25 hours
Professors:
Cassinotti Elisa, Domanin Maurizio
Shifts:
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 1
Clerkship (professional training): 25 hours
Professors:
Lombardi Rosa, Tobaldini Eleonora
Shifts:
Gruppo 1
Professor:
Tobaldini EleonoraGruppo 2
Professor:
Lombardi Rosa
Nephrology
MED/14 - NEPHROLOGY - University credits: 1
Clerkship (professional training): 25 hours
Shifts:
Gruppo 1
Professor:
Gallieni Maurizio AlbertoGruppo 2
Professor:
Cozzolino Mario GennaroGruppo 3
Professor:
Cozzolino Mario GennaroGruppo 4
Professor:
Cabibbe Mara
Respiratory diseases
MED/10 - RESPIRATORY DISEASES - University credits: 1
Clerkship (professional training): 25 hours
Professors:
Gramegna Andrea, Longobardi Salvatore, Mondoni Michele, Morlacchi Letizia Corinna, Radovanovic Dejan, Santus Pierachille
Shifts:
Gruppo 2
Professor:
Mondoni MicheleGruppo 4
Professor:
Longobardi SalvatoreProfessor(s)
Reception:
For an appointment please send an email
Nephrology and Dialysis Units of Sacco hospital or Fatebenefratelli hospital
Reception:
Thursday from 14:30 to 15:30 (appointment is required)
ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, North Pavillion, Section D, 1st Floor, Pulmunology Unit