Propaedeutic Sciences
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
The learning objectives of Propaedeutic Sciences course are:
- to know how to synthesize and analyse data;
- to know the foundations of epidemiology;
- to know the applied physics; mainly in regards to acoustic physics and the laws of physical phenomena;
- to know the principal psychological theories and the main psychological currents of thought (behaviourism, cognitivism, psychoanalysis, Gestalt);
- to know the principles of psychological development.
- to know how to synthesize and analyse data;
- to know the foundations of epidemiology;
- to know the applied physics; mainly in regards to acoustic physics and the laws of physical phenomena;
- to know the principal psychological theories and the main psychological currents of thought (behaviourism, cognitivism, psychoanalysis, Gestalt);
- to know the principles of psychological development.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student will have to know the main systems for data analysis and data synthesis, in order to interpret statistical reports and scientific articles; to learn the principles of the psychological development, the main theories and psychological currents of thought; to know the basic principles of applied physics, with particular attention to acoustic physics.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Sezione: Bosisio Parini
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for the admission to the degree course
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam is written and consists of sections of multiple choice questions and / or simple exercises referring to the modules of the course and optimized for the module content and type. Each answer has a score. The test is considered passed with a score ≥ 18 in each of the sections. The final score is given by the average of the sections scores weighted by the CFU of the modules.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Applied physics
Course syllabus
Mathematics recalls for physics: powers, orders of magnitude; variables and functions, graphs, Cartesian coordinates; vectors, simple trigonometric functions
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Verranno rese disponibili le slides delle lezioni sul sito Ariel del modulo.
Medical statistics
Course syllabus
Introduction to statistics: definition of descriptive and inferential statistics, variability between and within subjects, population and sample, parameters and estimates, how to collect data, statistical unit and statistical variable.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
The presentation slides will be available on Ariel.
General psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Bassi M., Delle Fave A. (a cura di) (2019). Psicologia generale per le professioni medico-sanitarie. Seconda Edizione. Torino: UTET Università. Capp. 2,3,5,6,8 e 9.
Developmental and educational psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
D'Amico S., e Devescovi, A. (a cura di) (2013). Psicologia dello sviluppo del linguaggio. Bologna: Il Mulino (Capp. 1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10)
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Applied physics
FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Del Favero Elena
Developmental and educational psychology
M-PSI/04 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
General psychology
M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
Medical statistics
MED/01 - MEDICAL STATISTICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Santucci Claudia
Sezione: Don Gnocchi
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for the admission to the degree course
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam is written and consists of sections of multiple choice questions and / or simple exercises referring to the modules of the course and optimized for the module content and type. Each answer has a score. The test is considered passed with a score ≥ 18 in each of the sections. The final score is given by the average of the sections scores weighted by the CFU of the modules.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Applied physics
Course syllabus
Mathematics recalls for physics: powers, orders of magnitude; variables and functions, graphs, Cartesian coordinates; vectors, simple trigonometric functions
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Verranno rese disponibili le slides delle lezioni sul sito Ariel del modulo.
Medical statistics
Course syllabus
Introduction to statistics: definition of descriptive and inferential statistics, variability between and within subjects, population and sample, parameters and estimates, how to collect data, statistical unit and statistical variable.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
The presentation slides will be available on Ariel.
General psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Bassi M., Delle Fave A. (a cura di) (2019). Psicologia generale per le professioni medico-sanitarie. Seconda Edizione. Torino: UTET Università. Capp. 2,3,5,6,8 e 9.
Developmental and educational psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
D'Amico S., e Devescovi, A. (a cura di) (2013). Psicologia dello sviluppo del linguaggio. Bologna: Il Mulino (Capp. 1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10)
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Applied physics
FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Del Favero Elena
Developmental and educational psychology
M-PSI/04 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
General psychology
M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
Medical statistics
MED/01 - MEDICAL STATISTICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Santucci Claudia
Sezione: Mantova
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for the admission to the degree course
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam is written and consists of sections of multiple choice questions and / or simple exercises referring to the modules of the course and optimized for the module content and type. Each answer has a score. The test is considered passed with a score ≥ 18 in each of the sections. The final score is given by the average of the sections scores weighted by the CFU of the modules.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Medical statistics module. Written exam (40' minutes) including theoretical questions and short exercises, formulated as open questions or multiple choice questions. Use of pocket calculator is allowed.
General Psychology module: Written exam (30 minutes) consisting in 30 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Developmental Psychology module: Written exam (15 minutes) consisting in 15 multiple-choice questions. The exam assesses students' knowledge about the learning program of the module, with regard to their achievement of the expected learning outcomes.
Applied physics module: questions and short exercises, open or multiple choice. Each answer has to be justified. Use of pocket calculator is allowed. The results of the test will be available on the Ariel web page.
Applied physics
Course syllabus
Mathematics recalls for physics: powers, orders of magnitude; variables and functions, graphs, Cartesian coordinates; vectors, simple trigonometric functions
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
General concepts: physical quantities and their dimensions; international measuring system
Solid and fluid mechanics: space, time, velocity, acceleration (average and instantaneous); forces, second law of dynamics, mass, density; particular forces: weight, elastic force, friction, tension; generated motions: uniform, straight and circular motion, accelerated motion; harmonic motion: amplitude, pulsation, period, frequency, initial phase; harmonic motion; spring + weight: dependence of pulsation on k and m; work, power, kinetic energy, theorem of kinetic energy; conservative forces, potential energy; form of potential energy for weight and elastic force; law of conservation of total mechanical energy; balance of mechanical energy for the spring + mass system.
Waves: longitudinal and transverse waves; wavelength, wave number; propagation of a wave: speed of propagation; speed of propagation of a wave on a stretched rope; energy and power carried by the wave; principle of superposition; interference between waves; standing waves on a string, bells, nodes; acoustic waves, wave front; speed of sound: dependence on density and compressibility modulus of the medium; acoustic waves: link between pressure amplitude and displacement amplitude in the medium; acoustic impedance; sound intensity: dependence on distance from the source; sound level, decibel scale; superposition of acoustic waves: standing sound waves, fundamental and successive harmonics, harmonic number; hints at beats and Doppler effect. Physical principles of sound production in humans.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Verranno rese disponibili le slides delle lezioni sul sito Ariel del modulo.
Medical statistics
Course syllabus
Introduction to statistics: definition of descriptive and inferential statistics, variability between and within subjects, population and sample, parameters and estimates, how to collect data, statistical unit and statistical variable.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Qualitative and quantitative variables and their characteristics.
Build and read the various types of graphs. Build and read frequency tables. Build and read double-entry tables.
Indices of central tendency: mode, median, mean, centiles. Shape of the distribution of a variable: symmetric and asymmetric distribution, considerations.
Indices of dispersion: range of variation, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.
Measurement and interpretation of the statistical association between two quantitative variables: correlation.
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
The presentation slides will be available on Ariel.
General psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Definition and evolution of human language
Comparison with non-human language
Language, thought and metacognition
Learning
Emotion
Attention and consciousness
Memory
Reading and writing
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
Bassi M., Delle Fave A. (a cura di) (2019). Psicologia generale per le professioni medico-sanitarie. Seconda Edizione. Torino: UTET Università. Capp. 2,3,5,6,8 e 9.
Developmental and educational psychology
Course syllabus
Historical underpinnings of the subject
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Cognitive development
Theory of mind
From gestures to first words
Development of the lexicon and morphosynthax
Developmental models of reading and writing
Children's drawings
Teaching methods
lectures
Teaching Resources
D'Amico S., e Devescovi, A. (a cura di) (2013). Psicologia dello sviluppo del linguaggio. Bologna: Il Mulino (Capp. 1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10)
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Cannoni, E. (2020). Il disegno dei bambini. Roma: Carocci.
Applied physics
FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Del Favero Elena
Developmental and educational psychology
M-PSI/04 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
General psychology
M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
Medical statistics
MED/01 - MEDICAL STATISTICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Santucci Claudia
Sezione: Sacco
Applied physics
FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Del Favero Elena
Developmental and educational psychology
M-PSI/04 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
General psychology
M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Bassi Marta
Medical statistics
MED/01 - MEDICAL STATISTICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Santucci Claudia
Professor(s)