Anatomy and Histology

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN BODY ORGANIZATION
· Body plan
· Anatomical terminology
· Body spaces: connective, serous, and neural spaces
· Definition of organ, system, and apparatus
· Hollow organs and solid organs
TEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
· General features of the skin and its appendages
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
· General organization of bones, joints, and muscles
· Axial and appendicular skeleton
· Joints of the human body
· Muscles of the head, trunk, and limbs
NERVOUS SYSTEM
· Central nervous system:
spinal cord
brain: brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, telencephalon
meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
main pathways and connections
· Peripheral nervous system:
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and plexuses: general organization and innervation territories
sympathetic nervous system: general organization
· Special sensory systems:
gustatory, olfactory, visual, auditory, and vestibular systems: general organization
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
· Pituitary gland
· Pineal gland
· Thyroid and parathyroid glands
· Adrenal glands
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
· Organization of the cardiovascular system
· Heart
· Main arterial vessels and distribution territories
· Main venous vessels and drainage territories
· General overview of the lymphatic system
LYMPHOID AND HEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS
· Bone marrow
· Thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes
· Spleen
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
· Oral cavity: teeth, tongue, salivary glands
· Pharynx
· Esophagus
· Stomach
· Small and large intestine
· Liver and biliary tract
· Pancreas
· Peritoneum
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
· Upper airways: nose and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx
· Lower airways: larynx, trachea, bronchi
· Lungs and pleurae
URINARY SYSTEM
· Kidneys
· Urinary tract: renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
· Testes
· Spermatic ducts: epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts
· Accessory glands of the spermatic ducts: seminal vesicles, prostate
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
· Ovaries
· Genital tract: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
SPECIAL ANATOMY TOPICS
· Skull, with particular focus on the temporal bone
· External, middle, and inner ear
· Auditory pathways, vestibular pathways, and reflex-related neural pathways

-The eukaryotic cell: structure, organization, and function of the main intracellular compartments. Tissues: definition and classification. Histological techniques: general introduction, sample preparation, main histological staining methods, and basic principles for identifying tissues with different composition.

-Epithelial tissues: overview, function, classification. Lining epithelia, glandular epithelia, sensory epithelia.

-Connective tissues: general features, function, composition, classification. Proper connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage.

-Bone tissue: functions, composition, classification. Ossification processes. Blood and lymphoid tissue

-Muscle tissue: overview, functions, classification. Skeletal striated muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. Nervous tissue: general features, functions and properties. Neurons and their classification. Synapses, nerve fibers, glial cells.