History of Ancient Philosophy

A.Y. 2026/2027
9
Max ECTS
60
Overall hours
SSD
PHIL-05/B
Language
Italian
Learning objectives
The course aims to offer a brief knowledge of the history of ancient philosophy. The course also provide the ability to analyze and interpret the most up-to-date texts of the main reference authors and introduce the awareness of the perspective and historical distance, as well as of the problems related to it (with particular reference to the use of historiographical knowledge for the purposes of contemporary philosophical research). Finally, the course aims to provide the minor and conceptual tools suitable for historical-philosophical communication, with particular reference to ancient thought, both scientific and popular.
Expected learning outcomes
Knowledge and understanding:

- In-depth knowledge of the history of ancient philosophy through comparison between classic texts written by fundamental authors
- understanding of the theoretical and historical significance of the texts
- understanding of some central nodes of ancient thought
- full awareness of the transformation over time of concepts and argumentative forms in relation to language and reality.
Skills:
- Ability to critically apply the knowledge learned in reading and commenting on complex and ancient philosophical, framing them historically.
- Ability to apply the acquired knowledge on ancient thought, specifically on the relationship between language and reality.
Single course

This course can be attended as a single course.

Course syllabus and organization

blended learning

Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
This course is delivered only by 9 CFU.

The syllabus and reading material include:

A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Il pensiero filosofico nel mondo greco: un itinerario possibile. Carocci editore (to be studied in full and autonomously)

A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Alle origini del pensiero greco. Carocci editore. (to be studied in full)

Plato, Apologia d of Socrates (to be studied in full).

Plato, The Repubvlic (books I-V)

Aristotle, Physics II (to be studied in full).

Aristotle, NIcomachean Ethics I (to be studied in full)
Prerequisites for admission
none
Teaching methods
This course is offered in blended learning. This means that part of the course will be delivered remotely by means of synchronous and asynchronous activities. There will be an in-person component, which is reduced to a minimum to facilitate students who are trying to negotiate work and study.
Teaching Resources
A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Il pensiero filosofico nel mondo greco: un itinerario possibile. Carocci editore (to be studied in full and autonomously)

A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Alle origini del pensiero greco. Carocci editore (to be studied in full and discussed in class)

Platone, Apologia di Socrate-Critone, a cura di M. M. Sassi. BUR (Only the Apologia di Socrates-Critone, a cura di M. M. Sassi. BUR (only the Apology)

Platone, La Repubblica, a cura di M. Vegetti. BUR (Book I-V)

A. Falcon, La natura secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Fisica II. Carocci editore (to be studied in full).

A. Falcon, La felicità secondo Aristotele. Typescript (to be studied in full).

A. Falcon, La felicità secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Etica nicomachea I. D (lettura integrale del libro, che sarà discusso9 a lezione)
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam will take place on Moodle in the computer lab. It will consist of three parts and the allotted time will be of 90 minutes.

1) The first part consists of 20 multiple choice questions, with the goal of assessing the acquisition of the fundamentals of the history of the discipline and the historiographical problems connected with it. Every correct answer will get a score of 0.5 point for a maximum of 10 points. 7 points is the minimum score required to past this first test (14 correct answers out of 20). Failure to achieve this minimum will determine the end of the exam with the grade "Failed" (F).

2. The second part consists of 5 concepts or terms to be defined appropriately, with a maximum of 80 words. This part has the goal of assessing the comprehension of the fundamental vocabulary and the awareness of the semantic changes that the different concepts have undergone in the historical development of ancient thought. Every answer will receive a score between 0 and 2 point, according to the following scheme: 0 point = completely wrong or no answer; 1 point = partially correct answer or answer expressed only in a partially appropriate way; 2 points = answer correct and appropriately expressed.

3) The third part consists of two open questions on the themes and texts discussed in class. Students are required to answer with a maximum of 200 words. This third part has the goal of assessing the capacity of discussing the most relevant themes of the course or commenting on the texts studied in class Every answer ill receive a score between 0 and 6 according to the following scheme: 0 = completely wrong answer, or no answer; 1 point = insufficient answer, or answer largely inadequate; 2 points = barely sufficient answer or superficially argued answer; 3 points = sufficient answer and barely sufficient argued; 4 points = good and correctly argued answer; 5 points = very good answer, showing rigor both with respect to the lexicon and the argument; 6 points = excellent answer, showing full awareness of the theme and topic under discussion with an excellent critical capacity in the filed of history of ancient philosophy.

Please note that two outstanding answers in the third part allow the student to compensate for four inadequate or wrong answers in the first part. The final grade, expressed on a 30/30basis, consists in the sum of the scores from the three parts. if the score exceeds 30, the student will recvceie full mark with distinction (cum laude)
Modules or teaching units
Parte A e B
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 6
Lessons: 40 hours

Parte C
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours

Surname A-K

Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
The course is designed to introduce students to the study of the fundamental concepts of ancient philosophy through the reading of a selection of significant texts representing different periods and literary styles. Alongside the acquisition of basic knowledge, to be developed through the independent study of a textbook and the use of recorded lectures specifically prepared for the course, students will explore in greater depth three major topics: (i) natural philosophy from the Presocratics to Aristotle; (ii) the moral philosophy of Plato and Aristotle; and (iii) Platonic psychology, with particular—though not exclusive—attention to the *Republic*. The course is based on the close reading and interpretation of the prescribed texts rather than on a textbook-style survey of the history of ancient philosophy. This approach enables students to engage critically with issues such as the origins of ancient philosophy, the emergence of the figure of the expert and the communicative strategies associated with expertise, the investigation of nature and human behaviour, the relationship between ethics and politics, and Plato's tripartite conception of the soul, which is closely connected to these themes and anticipates later reflections on the relationship between rationality and irrationality.
Prerequisites for admission
Nessun requisito specifico, se non quelli richiesti per l'accesso al Corso di Studio.
Teaching methods
The primary teaching method will consist of lectures. Throughout the lectures, constant attention will be devoted to the methodological aspects of the study of ancient philosophy, and the texts included in the syllabus will be read and analysed in detail, either in their entirety or through extensive selected passages. Throughout the course, opportunities will be provided to assess students' understanding of its fundamental concepts.
Teaching Resources
1) A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, *Il pensiero filosofico nel mondo greco: un itinerario possibile*. Carocci editore (**to be studied independently in its entirety**)
2) A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, *Alle origini del pensiero greco*. Carocci editore. (**to be read and discussed in its entirety during lectures**)
3) Platone, *Apologia di Socrate-Critone*, a cura di M. M. Sassi. BUR (**complete reading of the Apology of Socrates, which will be discussed during lectures**)
4) Platone, *La Repubblica*, a cura di M. Vegetti. Bur (**complete reading of Books I, II, and IV; partial reading of Books III [paideia] and X [Myth of Er]**)
5) A. Falcon, *La natura secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Fisica II*. Carocci editore (**complete reading of the book, which will be discussed during lectures**)
6) A. Falcon, *La felicità secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Etica Nicomachea I*. Dispensa resa disponibile online dal docente (**complete reading of the book, which will be discussed during lectures**)
Assessment methods and Criteria
The examination will be conducted entirely in written form and completed on a computer in a computer laboratory through the Moodle platform. It will consist of three parts and will last 80 minutes.

1. A multiple-choice test consisting of 20 questions, designed to assess students' basic knowledge of the history of ancient philosophy and the historiographical issues associated with it. Each correct answer is worth 0.5 points, for a maximum of 10 points. A minimum of 7 points (14/20 correct answers) is required to pass this section. Failure to achieve the minimum score will result in the examination being discontinued and recorded as failed.

2. A test consisting of 5 concepts or technical terms to be defined accurately in no more than 80 words. This section is designed to assess students' command of the fundamental terminology of the discipline and their awareness of the changes in meaning that these concepts have undergone throughout the history of ancient philosophy. Each answer will be marked on a scale from 0 to 2 according to the following criteria: 0 = no answer or completely incorrect; 1 = partially correct answer and/or expressed only partially appropriately; 2 = fully correct answer expressed in an entirely appropriate manner.

3. Two open-ended questions on the topics and texts covered in the course, each to be answered in no more than 200 words. This section is designed to assess students' ability to discuss the major themes of the course and to comment on the texts examined during lectures. Each answer will be marked on a scale from 0 to 6 according to the following criteria: 0 = no answer or completely incorrect; 1 = insufficient answer and/or expressed in a largely inappropriate manner; 2 = barely satisfactory answer with weak argumentation; 3 = satisfactory answer with minimally adequate argumentation; 4 = good answer supported by sound argumentation; 5 = excellent answer displaying rigorous use of terminology and argumentation; 6 = outstanding answer demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic or text under discussion and an excellent ability to engage critically with the history of ancient philosophy.

Please note that two outstanding answers in the third section may compensate for four incorrect answers in the first section. The final grade, expressed on the Italian 30-point scale, is obtained by adding the scores from the three sections and rounding the total up to the nearest whole number. If the total exceeds 30, *lode* (honours) will be awarded automatically. The instructor also reserves the right to award *lode* in cases where the final mark is exactly 30/30.

After the examination has been graded, a voluntary oral feedback session will be held for each examination session in order to explain the marks awarded and clarify any issues arising from the assessment. Attendance at this feedback session is entirely optional. Under no circumstances will grades be changed, except in the case of clerical or calculation errors identified by the student during the review. Examination scripts will be available for consultation only on the day of the feedback session.
Modules or teaching units
Parte A e B
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 6
Lessons: 40 hours

Parte C
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours

Surname L-Z

Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
The course aims to introduce students to the study of fundamental concepts and to the reading of a selection of significant texts from ancient philosophy, differing in period and style. Alongside the basic knowledge to be acquired also through independent study of a handbook and with the support of audio lectures specifically designed for the course, three major themes will be examined in greater depth: i) the philosophy of nature from the Presocratics to Aristotle; ii) the moral philosophy of Plato and Aristotle; iii) Platonic psychology, particularly — but not exclusively — in the Republic. The course is based on the reading and interpretation of the texts included in the syllabus, rather than on a textbook-style exposition of the history of the discipline. In this way, students will be able to problematize topics such as the origin of ancient philosophy, the emergence of the figure of the expert and his communicative strategies, the study of nature and human behaviour, the relationship between ethics and politics, and Plato's tripartite conception of the human soul, which is connected to the preceding themes and anticipates later reflections on the relationship between rationality and irrationality.

Students with Specific Learning Disorders are invited to follow the instructions provided on the page https://www.unimi.it/en/study/student-services/services-students-specific-learning-disabilities-sld, in particular the section "Teaching support and contact with instructors — compensatory measures". In this regard, please note that any request for compensatory measures must always include [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) in Cc and must comply with the indicated deadlines. Requests not included in the personalized document will not be accepted.
Prerequisites for admission
No specific requirements other than those necessary for admission to the degree programme.
Teaching methods
The main teaching method will be lectures (60 hours). During the lectures, constant reference will be made to the methodological aspects of the study of ancient philosophy, and the texts included in the syllabus will be read and analysed in detail, either in full or in substantial sections. Opportunities will be provided during the course to assess students' understanding of its fundamental concepts.
Teaching Resources
The course is offered exclusively as a 9-CFU course. The syllabus includes:

A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Il pensiero filosofico nel mondo greco: un itinerario possibile. Carocci editore (to be studied in full independently)

A. Falcon, F. Forcignanò, Alle origini del pensiero greco. Carocci editore. (full reading)

Platone, Apologia di Socrate-Critone, a cura di M. M. Sassi. BUR (full reading of the Apology of Socrates, which will be discussed in class)

Platone, Repubblica, a cura di M. Vegetti, BUR: full reading in class of Books I-II and IV; reading of selected passages from Book III — myth and education, the Phoenician tale, music and gymnastics, the selection of the guardians — and from Book X, with particular attention to the demonstration of the immortality of the soul and to its connection with the image of the sea-god Glaucus. The indicated texts will be discussed in class.

A. Falcon, La natura secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Fisica II. Carocci editore (full reading of the book, which will be discussed in class)

A. Falcon, La felicità secondo Aristotele. Guida alla lettura di Etica nicomachea I. Course reader prepared for the course (full reading of the text, which will be discussed in class).
Assessment methods and Criteria
The examination is entirely written and computer-based. It will take place in a computer room through the Moodle teaching platform. The examination will be divided into three parts and will last 80 minutes.

1. The first part consists of 20 multiple-choice questions, aimed at assessing students' basic knowledge of the history of the discipline and of the related historiographical issues. Each correct answer is worth 0.5 points, for a maximum of 10 points. The test is considered passed with a minimum score of 7 points, corresponding to 14 correct answers out of 20. Failure to reach the minimum passing score will result in the examination being discontinued, with the final outcome "failed".

2. The second part consists of 5 concepts or terms to be defined precisely, in a maximum of 80 words. It is aimed at assessing students' understanding of the fundamental terminology and their awareness of the changes in meaning that concepts underwent in the historical development of ancient thought. Each answer will be assessed from 0 to 2 points, according to the following scale: 0 points = no answer or completely incorrect answer; 1 point = partially correct answer or answer expressed only partially appropriately; 2 points = fully correct answer, expressed in a fully appropriate way.

3. The third part consists of 2 open-ended questions on the topics and texts addressed in the course. Students will be required to answer each question in a maximum of 200 words. This part is aimed at assessing students' ability to discuss the most relevant themes of the course and to comment on the texts studied in class. Each answer will be assessed from 0 to 6 points, according to the following scale: 0 points = no answer or completely incorrect answer; 1 point = insufficient answer or answer expressed in a largely inadequate way; 2 points = barely sufficient answer or answer argued in a rather weak manner; 3 points = sufficient answer, argued in a minimally adequate way; 4 points = good answer, correctly argued; 5 points = very good answer, rigorous from both a lexical and argumentative point of view; 6 points = excellent answer, demonstrating full awareness of the topic or text discussed and an excellent ability to engage critically with the history of ancient philosophy.

It should be noted that two excellent answers in the third part may compensate for four incorrect answers in the first part. The final mark, expressed out of 30, is the sum of the marks obtained in the three parts; if the total exceeds 30, honours will be awarded.

After the examinations have been corrected in each exam session, an oral feedback meeting will be held to clarify and explain the marks awarded. Attendance at this feedback meeting is entirely optional. Under no circumstances will the mark be changed, except in the case of material errors made during correction and identified by the student. The examination paper will be available for viewing only on the scheduled feedback day.
Modules or teaching units
Parte A e B
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 6
Lessons: 40 hours

Parte C
PHIL-05/B - History of Ancient Philosophy - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours

Professor(s)
Reception:
Fridays 17:00-20:00. Please be in touch by email (no later than 13:00, on Friday) to arrange for a meeting on MS Teams.. No office hours in August
Microsoft Teams