Plant Phenotyping Methods (P2M)

A.Y. 2026/2027
6
Max ECTS
56
Overall hours
SSD
AGRI-03/A
Language
Italian
Learning objectives
The course will provide a general overview on the application of phenotyping methods and tools, including data analysis techniques in all plant sectors of agricultural interest. In particular, it will cover aspects foreseen by the Plant Science Research Network (PSRN) which has formulated a ten-year strategic plan on the information infrastructure, big data challenges and training necessary to advance plant systems science. These goals empower students to bridge the gap between computational techniques and horticultural practices, fostering innovation in plant science.
In particular, students will have an overview of the approaches to:
Understand the basics of plant phenotyping: Define and describe the fundamental concepts of plant phenotyping and its importance in plant research and breeding.
Identify key plant traits: Recognize and categorize key plant traits relevant to phenotyping, such as growth, development, yield, and stress responses.
Utilize phenotyping tools and technologies: Demonstrate proficiency in using various phenotyping tools and technologies, including imaging systems, sensors, and software for data collection and analysis.
Design phenotyping experiments: Plan and execute phenotyping experiments, including selecting appropriate methods, setting up experimental designs, and collecting data.
Analyze phenotypic data: Analyze and interpret phenotypic data using statistical methods and software and draw meaningful conclusions from the results.
Apply phenotyping techniques in breeding programs: Apply phenotyping techniques to improve plant breeding programs, including selecting superior genotypes and identifying traits associated with desired plant performance.
Understand high-throughput phenotyping: Explore high-throughput phenotyping platforms and their applications in large-scale plant research and breeding.
Expected learning outcomes
Through theoretical lectures and practical sessions, students will be able to:
· Gain an understanding of various phenotyping techniques, tools, and technologies used in plant research and breeding programs.
· Set up an experiment and apply complex data analysis techniques in experimentation and research applied to tree species and agricultural species.
· Manage and organize large datasets generated from phenotyping experiments, ensuring data quality and integrity.
· Identify and address challenges encountered during phenotyping experiments and develop innovative solutions to improve phenotyping processes.
Single course

This course can be attended as a single course.

Course syllabus and organization

Single session

Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
Module 1: Introduction and Sensors (12 hours)
- Concept of phenomics and its importance in modern plant breeding.
- RGB sensors, multispectral, and hyperspectral imaging.
- Chlorophyll fluorescence and IR thermography.
- 3D sensors, LiDAR, and morphological reconstruction.

Module 2: Experimental Setup and Platforms (10 hours)
- Phenotyping platforms in controlled environments (greenhouses).
- Field-based systems: drones (UAVs), rovers, and gantry systems.
- Experimental design and management of environmental heterogeneity.
- Sensor calibration and ground-truth calibration panels.

Module 3: Data Management and Analysis Pipelines (14 hours)
- Big Data in agriculture: storage and file formats.
- Quality control and removal of visual artifacts.
- Image segmentation and extraction of digital traits.
- Introduction to specific tools (ImageJ, Python/R libraries).

Module 4: Troubleshooting and Case Studies (12 hours)
- Shadow effects, leaf occlusion, and variable weather conditions.
- Integration of phenotypic, genomic (GWAS), and environmental data.
- Analysis of case studies on woody perennial species and arable crops.
- Development of innovative solutions for low-cost phenotyping.

Practical Activities and Laboratory
- Exercise 1: Flight planning for a drone in the field.
- Exercise 2: Radiometric calibration and calculation of vegetation indices (NDVI).
- Exercise 3: Leaf segmentation using Python scripts or ImageJ.
- Exercise 4: Cleaning a massive phenomic dataset using Excel/R.
Prerequisites for admission
- The student should have at least basic notions of plant biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and statistics.
Teaching methods
- The course includes lectures and computer exercises with material provided and/or available online.
- Up to 10% of the course hours (6 hours) may be delivered remotely via the MS Teams platform in asynchronous mode, allowing students to practice independently on the topics covered in class.
Teaching Resources
- During the course, consultation texts, original articles, multimedia material and the PDF files containing the material illustrated in class and the subject of the practical exercises updated every year are suggested. Students can download it by accessing the teacher's personal website:
https://fgeunammmg.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/
Assessment methods and Criteria
- The exam consists of a written test which may include the solution of applicative exercises, similar to those addressed in the classroom and the discussion of concepts covered in the course.
- Students with SLD or disability certifications are kindly requested to contact the teacher at least 15 days before the date of the exam session to agree on individual exam requirements. In the email please make sure to add in cc the competent offices: [email protected] (for students with SLD) o [email protected] (for students with disability).
AGRI-03/A - Arboriculture and Fruitculture - University credits: 6
Exercises: 16 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Professor: Geuna Filippo
Shifts:
Turno
Professor: Geuna Filippo
Professor(s)
Reception:
Free upon request by email
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali (DISAA) letter "I" - Sezione di Coltivazioni Arboree" at page: https://www.unimi.it/sites/default/files/2019-01/SAAA_mappa_facolta.pdf