Functions 1

Function I and II are two strictly related courses which, together, focus on the fundamental mechanisms of body functions. Both courses are organized around the central theme of homeostasis, i.e. how the body maintains the constancy of the internal environment needed for all cells and organs to function properly despite continuously changing external and internal demands. By combining Physiology and Biochemistry, Functions I provides students the view of the complex interplay between macro and micro functional levels acting in life processes, and highlights the integration between the different functional systems of the human body, discussing the functions related to the different parts of the body in light to their contribution to the homeostasis. Functions I focuses on the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems. Particular attention will be paid to mechanisms maintaining electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis in the extracellular fluid. As a preliminary step, membrane potential and its determinants, synaptic communications, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction will be discussed. The course will be concluded by providing a first block of background knowledge on the nervous system, main topic of the II semester.During the course, the topics of the lectures will be reinforced and expanded by practical activities, problem-based learning, problem-based tutorials and seminars.

At the end of the course students are expected to achieve knowledge on the interaction and communication at the cellular, tissue, organ and system level in the organization of adaptive responses, on the mechanisms underlying the functions of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive systems, liver, muscle, adipose tissue, on the dynamic integration of organs into apparatuses and the general functional control mechanisms in physiological conditions, and finally on the metabolism of the nervous system.