Shallow Depth Geophysics
A.Y. 2019/2020
Learning objectives
Knowledge and understanding: Acquire the knowledge concerning the main geophysical methods for near surface exploration. Learn the basic information of acquisition, analysis and processing of the corresponding data.
Applying knowledge and understanding: The knowledge that has been learnt allows to apply in various contexts the different methodologies studied, including analysis and processing of the geophysical data.
Applying knowledge and understanding: The knowledge that has been learnt allows to apply in various contexts the different methodologies studied, including analysis and processing of the geophysical data.
Expected learning outcomes
Making judgements: The student is able to evaluate autonomously the geophysical methodologies that can be applied for near surface exploration, knowing the advantages, the disadvantages and the limitations. He/Her knows the procedures to process the acquired geophysical data, and can formulate judgements on the correctness and accuracy of the steps applied.
Communication skills: The student is able to clearly communicate to third party the topics of the near surface exploration, the problems to tackle and the possible solutions. He/her can easily interact with the experts in this field for what concerns the procedures for the acquisition, analysis and processing of the available data.
Learning skills: Give the student the ability to learn autonomously topics that can not be dealt with during the lessons due to the limited time available, and also give him/her the ability to deepen the ones discussed.
Communication skills: The student is able to clearly communicate to third party the topics of the near surface exploration, the problems to tackle and the possible solutions. He/her can easily interact with the experts in this field for what concerns the procedures for the acquisition, analysis and processing of the available data.
Learning skills: Give the student the ability to learn autonomously topics that can not be dealt with during the lessons due to the limited time available, and also give him/her the ability to deepen the ones discussed.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
· Gravity surveying: Outlines of the Earth's gravity field and of the density of rocks; field measurement procedures and gravimetric corrections to estimate the Bouguer's anomaly for micro-gravity surveys; examples of anomalies.
· Magnetic surveying: Outlines of the Earth's magnetic field and of the magnetic properties of minerals and rocks; measurement instruments and field measurement procedures; examples of anomalies.
· Self-potential methods: basic physical principles; procedures of measurement and data acquisition.
· Electrical surveying: Electrical conduction in rocks; Ohm's law, Archie's law; electrical field generated by a point electrode; electrical quadrupole and apparent resistivity; principal arrays. Vertical electrical soundings; constant separation traverse; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT).
· Induced polarization method: basic physical principles; definition of polarization, apparent polarization and metal factor.
· Seismic surveying: basic properties of body and surface waves; seismic wave velocities in rocks.
Refraction seismic: traveltimes for horizontal and dipping layers; intercept times and plus-minus method (Generalized Reciprocal Methods).
Reflection seismic: principles, acquisition, multifold coverage, building of a stack section.
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR): principles and measurement procedures.
· Electromagnetic surveying: basic physical principles; basic characteristics of VLF, FDEM and TDEM methods.
· Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): the absolute and relative permittivity; reflection and transmission coefficient of electromagnetic waves; directivity function of receiving and transmitting antennas; the radargram.
For each survey method, examples of real-world applications will be shown and discussed.
· Magnetic surveying: Outlines of the Earth's magnetic field and of the magnetic properties of minerals and rocks; measurement instruments and field measurement procedures; examples of anomalies.
· Self-potential methods: basic physical principles; procedures of measurement and data acquisition.
· Electrical surveying: Electrical conduction in rocks; Ohm's law, Archie's law; electrical field generated by a point electrode; electrical quadrupole and apparent resistivity; principal arrays. Vertical electrical soundings; constant separation traverse; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT).
· Induced polarization method: basic physical principles; definition of polarization, apparent polarization and metal factor.
· Seismic surveying: basic properties of body and surface waves; seismic wave velocities in rocks.
Refraction seismic: traveltimes for horizontal and dipping layers; intercept times and plus-minus method (Generalized Reciprocal Methods).
Reflection seismic: principles, acquisition, multifold coverage, building of a stack section.
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR): principles and measurement procedures.
· Electromagnetic surveying: basic physical principles; basic characteristics of VLF, FDEM and TDEM methods.
· Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): the absolute and relative permittivity; reflection and transmission coefficient of electromagnetic waves; directivity function of receiving and transmitting antennas; the radargram.
For each survey method, examples of real-world applications will be shown and discussed.
Prerequisites for admission
Basic knowledge of physics
Teaching methods
Lectures and demonstrations of data acquisition
Teaching Resources
1. Reynolds, J.M., 2011, An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, Wiley.
2. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., & Sherriff, R.E., 1990, Applied Geophysics, 2nd Ed, Cambridge University Press.
3 Loke, M.H., 2016, Tutorial : 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys. Downloadable from http://www.geotomosoft.com/downloads.php
2. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., & Sherriff, R.E., 1990, Applied Geophysics, 2nd Ed, Cambridge University Press.
3 Loke, M.H., 2016, Tutorial : 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys. Downloadable from http://www.geotomosoft.com/downloads.php
Assessment methods and Criteria
Written
GEO/11 - APPLIED GEOPHYSICS - University credits: 6
Lessons: 48 hours
Professor:
Giudici Mauro
Shifts:
-
Professor:
Giudici MauroProfessor(s)
Reception:
By phone or mail appointment
via Botticelli 23