Pharmacology and Clinical Biochemistry
A.Y. 2020/2021
Learning objectives
The teaching aims to provide students:
1. An introduction to the basic principles of General Pharmacology, as well as an overview of Clinical Pharmacology and Nutraceuticals
2. An in-depth study on the pharmacotherapy of diseases where nutrition plays a role and on drug-drug, drug-herbs and drug-food interactions.
3. An overview of the role, purpose and potential of Laboratory Medicine in health protection, in disease prevention and monitoring, and in assessing the nutritional status of a patient
4. The basic knowledge to interpret biochemical-clinical profiles correlated to the main metabolic diseases and the nutrition and dietary behavior.
1. An introduction to the basic principles of General Pharmacology, as well as an overview of Clinical Pharmacology and Nutraceuticals
2. An in-depth study on the pharmacotherapy of diseases where nutrition plays a role and on drug-drug, drug-herbs and drug-food interactions.
3. An overview of the role, purpose and potential of Laboratory Medicine in health protection, in disease prevention and monitoring, and in assessing the nutritional status of a patient
4. The basic knowledge to interpret biochemical-clinical profiles correlated to the main metabolic diseases and the nutrition and dietary behavior.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of this Teaching Course the student will:
1. Know the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters and variables;
2. Possess knowledge on the mechanisms of action of drugs and toxic products at the molecular, cellular and complex systems level;
3. Have a general knowledge of the main procedures of the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory that characterize the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phase
4. Have a knowledge on the main biochemical-clinical profiles associated with some major metabolic diseases and the nutritional status of the patient
1. Know the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters and variables;
2. Possess knowledge on the mechanisms of action of drugs and toxic products at the molecular, cellular and complex systems level;
3. Have a general knowledge of the main procedures of the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory that characterize the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phase
4. Have a knowledge on the main biochemical-clinical profiles associated with some major metabolic diseases and the nutritional status of the patient
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Assessment methods and criteria:
Exams will be oral using Microsoft Teams or, if possible, in presence (oral ).
The aims of the exam are:
- to ascertain achievement of objectives, about knowledge and comprehension
- to ascertain skill to apply knowledge and comprehension trough discussion of argument about Pharmacology and nutrition in Pharmacology
- valuate student's autonomy of judgement, even with analysis of clinical cases, discussion during the course
- to ascertain command of specific language about pharmacology and the use of drugs, and the skill to expose argument in clear and ordered way.
Teaching methods:
Lessons will be held on Microsoft Teams Platform with synchronous learning on the basis of the lesson plan of the first semester and the students could successively attend the lessons with asynchronous learning since the course will be registered and made available on the same platform. Some of the lessons will be held in classroom with a number of students consistent with the regulation of the Covid-19 emergency in synchronous learning on Microsoft Teams Platform. The participation to the lessons in classroom needs a reservation by a dedicated app. All the related information will be reported in the Ariel website of the course.
Exams will be oral using Microsoft Teams or, if possible, in presence (oral ).
The aims of the exam are:
- to ascertain achievement of objectives, about knowledge and comprehension
- to ascertain skill to apply knowledge and comprehension trough discussion of argument about Pharmacology and nutrition in Pharmacology
- valuate student's autonomy of judgement, even with analysis of clinical cases, discussion during the course
- to ascertain command of specific language about pharmacology and the use of drugs, and the skill to expose argument in clear and ordered way.
Teaching methods:
Lessons will be held on Microsoft Teams Platform with synchronous learning on the basis of the lesson plan of the first semester and the students could successively attend the lessons with asynchronous learning since the course will be registered and made available on the same platform. Some of the lessons will be held in classroom with a number of students consistent with the regulation of the Covid-19 emergency in synchronous learning on Microsoft Teams Platform. The participation to the lessons in classroom needs a reservation by a dedicated app. All the related information will be reported in the Ariel website of the course.
Prerequisites for admission
Basic knowledge of biology, human anatomy, general biochemistry, human physiology, pathophysiology, and general pathology are required
Assessment methods and Criteria
The methods used to achieve and ascertain the effective achievement of the learning outcomes expected by the student are:
- written test with multiple choice quizes (for the part of Clinical Biochemistry)
- the evaluation parameters include the number of correct answers provided and the appropriateness in providing a brief and logical justification of the answer given for some fundamental questions indicated by the teacher
- oral examination with questions of general pharmacology, special and clinical pharmacology
- the evaluation parameters include: framing ability and general presentation of the topic, demonstration of knowledge of the use and clinical indications of the drugs, in addition to their mechanism of action, description of the side effects of the drugs
- written test with multiple choice quizes (for the part of Clinical Biochemistry)
- the evaluation parameters include the number of correct answers provided and the appropriateness in providing a brief and logical justification of the answer given for some fundamental questions indicated by the teacher
- oral examination with questions of general pharmacology, special and clinical pharmacology
- the evaluation parameters include: framing ability and general presentation of the topic, demonstration of knowledge of the use and clinical indications of the drugs, in addition to their mechanism of action, description of the side effects of the drugs
Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology
Course syllabus
· Clinical Biochemistry: introduction, aims, definitions
o Laboratory intervention levels. Concepts of diagnostic test and its purposes (screening, diagnostic study, disease monitoring)
· The pre-analytical phase and its sources of variability
o Preparation of the subject / patient
o Sampling, treatment, transport, delivery and storage of biological samples: blood, urine, feces, spinal cephalus liquid (liquor), pouring liquids into serous cavities, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, seminal fluid, gastric juice, sweat.
· Acceptability criteria of a biological sample
o Post-analytical variability and Reporting
· Quality control
o Analytical variability
· Concept of total analytical variability and its components
o Types of errors. Reliability of a dosage method
o Biological variability and factors influencing it
o Analytical goals
· Reference values
o Concept of reference interval
o Concept of decision values
o Concept of critical difference
· Diagnostic logic:
o clinical sensitivity and specificity
o predictive values
· Deepening of some topics chosen by the teacher and with particular reference to the pathologies related to the subject of the Degree Course (for example: monitoring of diabetes, nutritional status, lipoproteins and lipids, cholesterol metabolism and dyslipidemias, liver function, biochemistry of saliva ... etc.)
o Laboratory intervention levels. Concepts of diagnostic test and its purposes (screening, diagnostic study, disease monitoring)
· The pre-analytical phase and its sources of variability
o Preparation of the subject / patient
o Sampling, treatment, transport, delivery and storage of biological samples: blood, urine, feces, spinal cephalus liquid (liquor), pouring liquids into serous cavities, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, seminal fluid, gastric juice, sweat.
· Acceptability criteria of a biological sample
o Post-analytical variability and Reporting
· Quality control
o Analytical variability
· Concept of total analytical variability and its components
o Types of errors. Reliability of a dosage method
o Biological variability and factors influencing it
o Analytical goals
· Reference values
o Concept of reference interval
o Concept of decision values
o Concept of critical difference
· Diagnostic logic:
o clinical sensitivity and specificity
o predictive values
· Deepening of some topics chosen by the teacher and with particular reference to the pathologies related to the subject of the Degree Course (for example: monitoring of diabetes, nutritional status, lipoproteins and lipids, cholesterol metabolism and dyslipidemias, liver function, biochemistry of saliva ... etc.)
Teaching methods
Lectures and analysis/discussion of clinical case reports, with the help of iconographic material, partially made available on UniMI computer platforms. Quiz and classroom surveys using computer platforms to review the most important topics. The consultation of the material presented during the lectures does not replace the study on textbooks.
Teaching Resources
· Gaw et al. Clinical Biochemistry, Elsevier Masson, 2014, 3rd edition
· Elisabetta Albi, Tommaso Beccari, Samuela Cataldi Essential clinical biochemistry. From the laboratory to clinical pathology pictures. Publisher: Zanichelli, 2019, 1st edition
· M. Ciaccio, G. Lippi Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, Edises; 2017, 2nd edition
· G. Federici Medicina di laboratorio Milano, Mc Graw Hill, 2014
· Lw Janson, Me Tischler - Il quadro d'insieme- Biochimica Clinica. Ed. It. Mario Plebani, Piccin, 2015
· Elisabetta Albi, Tommaso Beccari, Samuela Cataldi Essential clinical biochemistry. From the laboratory to clinical pathology pictures. Publisher: Zanichelli, 2019, 1st edition
· M. Ciaccio, G. Lippi Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, Edises; 2017, 2nd edition
· G. Federici Medicina di laboratorio Milano, Mc Graw Hill, 2014
· Lw Janson, Me Tischler - Il quadro d'insieme- Biochimica Clinica. Ed. It. Mario Plebani, Piccin, 2015
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
· General concepts of Pharmacology.
o Definition of drug and origin of drugs. Therapeutic, side and toxic effects. Placebo and Nocebo effect. Drug development and pharmacovigilance. Introduction to drug legislation and pharmacoeconomics.
· Pharmacokinetics
o Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion; concepts of bioavailability, half-life and steady state plasma concentration.
· Pharmacodynamics
o Site of action of drugs; receptors and signal transduction mechanisms; dose-effect relationship; concepts of drug potency and efficacy, agonism and antagonism, desensitization and hypersensitivity, therapeutic index.
o Variability factors in drug response. Drug interactions: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. Interactions between drugs and foods and between drugs and herbal and non-conventional preparations. Use of the DynaMed Plus® database.
· Clinical Pharmacology:
o Pharmacological therapy of dyslipidaemias: statins and other cholesterol lowering drugs
o Pharmacological therapy of diabetes mellitus: insulins and oral hypoglycemic agents
o Pharmacological therapy of arterial hypertension
o Drugs of the gastrointestinal system
o Antiemetic drugs
o Pharmacological therapy of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease
o Anxiolytic-hypnotic and antidepressant drugs
o Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of eating disorders
o Pharmacological approaches to obesity therapy
o Nutraceutical principles
o Food supplements and their rational therapeutic use
o Definition of drug and origin of drugs. Therapeutic, side and toxic effects. Placebo and Nocebo effect. Drug development and pharmacovigilance. Introduction to drug legislation and pharmacoeconomics.
· Pharmacokinetics
o Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion; concepts of bioavailability, half-life and steady state plasma concentration.
· Pharmacodynamics
o Site of action of drugs; receptors and signal transduction mechanisms; dose-effect relationship; concepts of drug potency and efficacy, agonism and antagonism, desensitization and hypersensitivity, therapeutic index.
o Variability factors in drug response. Drug interactions: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. Interactions between drugs and foods and between drugs and herbal and non-conventional preparations. Use of the DynaMed Plus® database.
· Clinical Pharmacology:
o Pharmacological therapy of dyslipidaemias: statins and other cholesterol lowering drugs
o Pharmacological therapy of diabetes mellitus: insulins and oral hypoglycemic agents
o Pharmacological therapy of arterial hypertension
o Drugs of the gastrointestinal system
o Antiemetic drugs
o Pharmacological therapy of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease
o Anxiolytic-hypnotic and antidepressant drugs
o Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of eating disorders
o Pharmacological approaches to obesity therapy
o Nutraceutical principles
o Food supplements and their rational therapeutic use
Teaching methods
Lectures and analysis/discussion of clinical case reports, with the help of iconographic material, partially made available on UniMI computer platforms. Quiz and classroom surveys using computer platforms to review the most important topics. The consultation of the material presented during the lectures does not replace the study on textbooks.
Teaching Resources
· Taglialatela, Conforti, Cuzzolin, Leone, Mattioli, Moretti, Pignataro, Vanzetta; Farmacologia per le lauree triennali e magistrali; Editore Idelson-Gnocchi (Sorbona); 2019; isbn 978-88-79476690
Capitoli 1-8 e capitoli 11, 14, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 44.
· Taglialatela, Conforti, Cuzzolin, Leone, Mattioli, Moretti, Pignataro, Vanzetta; Farmacologia per le lauree triennali e magistrali; Editore Idelson-Gnocchi (Sorbona); 2019; isbn 978-88-7947669
Chapters 1-8 and chapters 11, 14, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 44.
Capitoli 1-8 e capitoli 11, 14, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 44.
· Taglialatela, Conforti, Cuzzolin, Leone, Mattioli, Moretti, Pignataro, Vanzetta; Farmacologia per le lauree triennali e magistrali; Editore Idelson-Gnocchi (Sorbona); 2019; isbn 978-88-7947669
Chapters 1-8 and chapters 11, 14, 23, 24, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 44.
Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology
BIO/12 - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Paroni Rita Clara
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 30 hours
Professors:
Carruba Michele, Nisoli Enzo
Professor(s)
Reception:
By appointment to be agreed by e-mail
H San Paolo -9 piano Blocco C