Technical Physics and Industrial Chemistry

Introduction to the course and general notions on environmental pollution: definition, regulations evolution, mentions on the effects and on prevention and inspection strategies.
Soil pollution: soil pollution phenomenology; soil and polluted groundwater treatment techniques; legislative aspects; risk assessment of polluted sites.
Water pollution: water pollution phenomenology; natural water features; water depuration techniques: civil wastewater treatment plant; disinfection treatments.

- General introduction about atmospheric air pollution: definitions of contaminant and pollutant; hints of main pollutant gases and their emission sources; definition of particulate matter (PM); regulations in force.
- Focus on indoor pollution: main indoor PM formation processes; measurement methods; regulations in force.
- Effects of PM on health: definition of size distribution; factors determining PM penetration and deposition in human respiratory tract; major observed health effects.
- Focus on BioPM (PM of biological origin): sources of BioPM; factors affecting BioPM concentration in outdoor and indoor environments; possible health effects.
- Nanomaterials in air: emission sources of inorganic and carbon nanomaterials; health effects related to nanomaterials inhalation.

Equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process. Basic informations PED. Hazards, conventional and major accidents. Examples. Dangerous properties of chemical substances: toxic releases, fire and /or explosions, environmental disasters. Models. Loss prevention and protection. Basic concepts of PHA. Check list, SWIf, HazOp, Fault/event tree. 'Seveso III' Directive 2012/18/EU. U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board CSB Web site http://www.csb.gov/

Basic concepts of electromagnetism: the basic electrical quantities, electric field and magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic field (EMF), propagation in the space of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum and electromagnetic wave classifications, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic fields: biological bases for exposure limitation, international guidelines and Italian legislation for the protection of the population from EMF, legislation for the protection of workers (D.Lgs. 81/08) and methods for risk assessment. Artificial optical radiation (AOR): coherent and inconsistent radiation, classification of optical radiation, prevention and protection for inconsistent and consistent AOR and risk assessment methods. Ionizing radiation: effects of ionizing radiation on man, criteria and principles of radiation protection. General principles of D.Lgs. 101/20. Natural sources of ionizing radiation. Regulation of exposure to radon and cosmic radiation in D.Lgs. 101/20. Orphan sources and high-activity sealed sources and their locations in D.Lgs.101/20. TITLE XI, Exposure of workers, D.Lgs.101/20: obligations of the employer, physical surveillance and health surveillance, classification of workers and working environments, personal and environmental dosimetry, PPE radiation protection. Management of nuclear emergencies.

Atom structure; nuclides; electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation; excitation and ionization; gamma- and x-rays, x-ray tube; radioactive decay; positron-electron annihilation; coherent diffusion, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair creation; dosimetry (absorbed, equivalent, and effective dose); compute tomography as the most relevant source of radiation exposure for medical purposes. Magnetic resonance imaging: biological effects and protection of patients and operators (contraindications and limiting conditions). Basic knowledge of the techniques used in radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine. Principles of radiobiology. Legislation on radioprotection of workers and patients.