Functional Anatomy of the Locomotor and Nervous System

NERVOUS TISSUE
EMBRIOLOGY Elements of organogenesis of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
NERVOUS APPARATUS
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Spinal cord: Macroscopic descriptive anatomy. Gray substance (description and organization). White matter (description and organization).
Brain stem. Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (nuclei of the cranial nerves; own nuclei). White matter (main ascending and descending projective pathways).
Cerebellum: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (cortex and nuclei: description and organization; archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, neocerebellum). White matter (main connections).
Diencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy: subthalamus, thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, metatalamus.
Telencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Cerebral cortex: structure and functions; sensitive and motor areas. Semi-oval center; Limbic system Nuclei of the base and striatum.
Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
CNS vascularization
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial nerves and their innervation territories.
Spinal nerves, plexuses and related innervation territories.
Autonomous Nervous System (ANS)
Ortho- and parasympathetic: general organization.
Sense organs and systems
Receptors: Esteroreceptors, proprioceptors, introceptors.
Apparatus of specific sensitivity: in particular visual, auditory and vestibular apparatus.
Nervous pathways
Main afferent and efferent nervous pathways
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
Function, vascularization and innervation of the organs of the musculoskeletal system whose description was addressed in the course of Human Morphology (Anatomy Module).

- BASICS OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS
- GENERAL CONCEPTS of FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Relationship between biomechanical function and micro- and macro-structure, and physiology of the main elements of locomotor apparatus:
Bone tissue and bones;
Cartilaginous tissue and articular and growing Cartilages;
Capsular and ligamentous tissues and joints;
Muscular and tendinous tissues and muscles;
- SYSTEMATIC FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Biomechanical function of the main joints and relative muscles:
Intervertebrali joints: disk and facet joints
Scapulo-humeral cingulum: sterno-clavicular, acromio-clavicular, scapulo-thoracic, and scapulo-humeral joints;
Elbow, wrist, and radio-ulnar joints;
Hand;
Pelvic cingulum: sacro-iliacs, pubic synphisis, hip;
knee;
ankle and foot;
Thorax and abdomen.-

Functional anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous system.
The somatic sensitivity.
Motor control: the pyramidal system.
Motor control: the extrapyramidal system (basal ganglia and cerebellum).
The visual pathways.
The vestibular system.