Biology and Genetics of Grapevines

The course is part of the degree program area specifically dedicated to Viticulture and represents its introductory section. Its educational objective is to provide specific knowledge on the biology and genetics of the cultivated grapevine, not only within the framework of vineyard management but also in the broader context of the grape and wine production chain. This includes the nursery sector and the genetic improvement of wine grapevines and their rootstocks. Building on prior knowledge acquired in courses such as Plant Biology, Agricultural Chemistry, and Agronomy, this course lays the foundational understanding for subsequent subjects such as Viticultural Techniques, Vineyard and Winery Engineering, and Grapevine Protection. The lectures aim to provide solid and up-to-date scientific knowledge on grapevine morphology, anatomy, and physiology, as well as related aspects of genetics, ampelography, and genetic improvement through both traditional and innovative methods. The practical component will allow students to observe, in both commercial and experimental vineyards, the organography of the grapevine, aspects of vegetative and reproductive development, and varietal polymorphism. Students will also acquire skills in descriptive ampelography techniques.

At the end of the course, students are expected to have acquired knowledge of the morphology, anatomy, and physiology of the main vegetative and reproductive organs of the grapevine, its auto-ecological characteristics, its phenological cycle, and the main physiological processes involved in its vegetative and reproductive development. Emphasis will be placed on the development, ripening, composition, and oenological potential of the grape. With regard to genetic aspects, students are expected to understand the origin of the domesticated grapevine and its wide varietal assortment; the non-vinifera grapevine species relevant for cultivation and genetic improvement; the methodologies used for varietal description and identification based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers; and the genetic bases of intra-specific and intra-varietal variability, along with their impact on the phenotypic characteristics of grapevine cultivars. Students will also learn about the methods, objectives, and outcomes of grapevine and rootstock breeding programs. The knowledge acquired will enable students to understand the biological foundations underlying viticultural practices and to critically evaluate them. Additionally, students will gain the scientific and technical tools necessary for informed varietal selection when establishing new vineyards. During the final exam, students will be assessed on their ability to communicate what they have learned in a scientifically accurate and technically correct manner. The comprehensive knowledge gained will support students in carrying out their internship within a vineyard or wine production enterprise, allowing for informed observation and critical analysis of viticultural practices. It will also provide a solid foundation for further independent study of the subject through specialized technical and scientific literature.