Fisiologia dell'apparato visivo

The integrated course aims to provide students with a comprehensive and systemic understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms governing visual function, binocular vision, and ocular motility.
Topics include protective, optical-refractive, sensory, motor, perceptual, and neuromodulatory mechanisms that ensure the functional efficiency of the visual system and its ability to adapt to environmental demands.
Special focus is placed on the pathophysiology of binocular vision and on the principles underlying ocular motility, with the goal of building a solid foundation for clinical interpretation and the rehabilitative management of binocular and motor dysfunctions.
The course integrates anatomical, functional, and neurophysiological aspects, preparing students for effective practice in orthoptics and for collaboration within multidisciplinary healthcare settings.

By the end of the integrated course, students will be able to:
Understand the physiological mechanisms supporting the overall function of the visual system.
Recognize the interaction among the different systems (protective, refractive, sensory, motor, perceptual, neuromodulatory) ensuring effective vision.
Understand the mechanisms of fixation, binocular vision, and eye movements.
Recognize pathophysiological alterations in binocular vision and ocular motility.
Integrate anatomical, functional, and pathophysiological knowledge to interpret clinical presentations related to visual function.