Fundamentals of Clinical Medicine 1

The course is organised in 2 parts
a) the first part will provide the theoretical and practical basis for a comprehensive clinical bedside approach to patients by integrating the internal medicine and general surgery modules focused on the acquisition of practical as well as methodological skills. In particular, he knowledge of signs and symptoms (semeiotics) semeiotics of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems will be discussed.
b) the second part will take the students into clinical medicine with the study of the "Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary System" (Nephrology) the "Diseases of the Heart and Vessels" (Cardiology) and the "Disease of the Respiratory System" (Pneumology)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES This module will focus on some relevant aspects of cardiology, which shall be discussed with a predominantly pathophysiological approach.
NEPHROLOGY This module will provide essential knowledge of the kidney role in maintaining the body homeostasis, both in patients with renal diseases and in patients with other conditions, such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in which kidneys play a pivotal role in the genesis and the response of the organism to the disease process. The module offers the unique opportunity to systematically explore specific renal disorders, like the glomerulopathies, and an introduction to very relevant clinical syndromes, such as acute and chronic kidney disease.
PNEUMOLOGY. This module will focus on the most important aspect of respiratory medicine, examining prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiological and clinical aspect of the most important lung diseases. In this unit will be considered - the analysis of the most relevant respiratory disease entities from pathogenesis to clinical features to diagnostic approach and principles - the respiratory diseases during differential diagnosis in routine clinical practice and perform/interpret the correct laboratory tests to exclude/confirm the diagnosis and for clinical management. - the pathogenetic mechanisms, morphologic changes, evolution, and complications of obstructive, restrictive diseases of the lung together with pulmonary infections and neoplastic diseases of lung and pleura.
A more clinical and therapy-oriented approach on Cardiology, Nephrology and Pneumology will be in place at 6th year, in the exam of Multidisciplinary clinical management.

Students will learn: the processes of clinical reasoning, to identify problems and making diagnostic hypothesis theoretical basis of information processing.
In particular, the student will be able how to collect anamnestic data b) how to perform the semeiological manoeuvres of a patient's physical examination and c) will acquire knowledge of the pathophysiological aspects, symptoms, clinical signs, and diagnostic pathway of the diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and nephrological systems.