History of the Age of Enlightenment and Revolutions
A.Y. 2025/2026
Learning objectives
The course is aimed at students of the three-year degree. The lectures are held in a seminarian form, through the analysis and discussion in the classroom of documents and texts selected and proposed by the instructor, and aim to provide an adequate awareness of the methods and purposes of historical research, the ability to critically analyze sources, and to provide a full understanding of the premises and results of historical debate.
Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the course, the student will have acquired the knowledge of the political-institutional and cultural development of European, American, and Italian history of the early-modern period, from the 18th to the 19th century. They shall also be able to place the most representative events and figures in their chronological contexts. The student will be able to use language tools to express, in a clear and effective form, concepts of a political, institutional, economic nature; they will be able to read critically historiographical works. These skills will be acquired through a direct and continuous meeting with the instructor in the classroom. Participation in meetings and seminars will also be of great importance. Students opting not to attend the lessons will be able to make use of the educational tools provided by the instructor on Ariel.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
Course title: The street, a contested object. Urban spaces and political practices in the crisis of the 18th century through a transnational comparison (Boston, Paris and Milan)
Part A: Outlines of the history of the Age of Enlightenment (1756-1789) 20 hours-3 credits
Part B: An outline of the history of the Age of Revolutions (1789-1830) 20 hours-3 credits
Part C: Beyond the revolts and moments of acute crisis, how did the republican and post-revolutionary city reorganise itself? (1774-1815 approx.) 20 hours-3 credits
The module will study how and according to which practices the politicisation and then the reorganisation of urban space took place, through an analysis that combines social, visual and cultural history, as well as political history. The comparative perspective, albeit within a diachronic reading, will allow us to reflect on the ruptures and continuities within the revolutionary era.
Part A: Outlines of the history of the Age of Enlightenment (1756-1789) 20 hours-3 credits
Part B: An outline of the history of the Age of Revolutions (1789-1830) 20 hours-3 credits
Part C: Beyond the revolts and moments of acute crisis, how did the republican and post-revolutionary city reorganise itself? (1774-1815 approx.) 20 hours-3 credits
The module will study how and according to which practices the politicisation and then the reorganisation of urban space took place, through an analysis that combines social, visual and cultural history, as well as political history. The comparative perspective, albeit within a diachronic reading, will allow us to reflect on the ruptures and continuities within the revolutionary era.
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the three-year degree programme. Attendance of the course and passing the final exam are subject to compliance with the regulations of the degree programme.
Although not mandatory, it is recommended that students pass the modern history exam beforehand or at least attend the modern history course at the same time.
Although not mandatory, it is recommended that students pass the modern history exam beforehand or at least attend the modern history course at the same time.
Teaching methods
This course is taught in person through a series of thirty lectures given by the lecturer, aimed primarily at acquiring the knowledge, skills and language specific to the discipline. Respecting each student's individual needs, the lecturer encourages individual and group work in class to promote the acquisition and critical re-elaboration of the knowledge acquired. For this reason, attendance is strongly recommended, although not compulsory. The course makes use of teaching materials, including multimedia materials available on the ARIEL platform, which students are encouraged to consult regularly. In addition to lectures, group work (reading and presentation of original documents or historiographical sources) may be assigned.
Teaching Resources
For attending students:
Programme for 6 credits:
For parts A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Repubbliche atlantiche. Una storia globale delle pratiche rivoluzionarie (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the topics covered in the lectures is required, as well as ONE volume chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso. Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Programme for 9 credits:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook are required:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the lecture topics is required, as well as TWO volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso (Revolutionising the Fair Sex). Women and politics in the three years of the Republic (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Non-attending students:
Programme for 6 credits:
For parts 1 and 2, knowledge of the textbook:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the topics covered in the lectures is required, as well as two volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso. Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Programme for 9 credits:
For parts 1 and 2, knowledge of the textbook:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook are required:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fate of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the lecture topics is required, as well as THREE volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, "Rivoluzionare il bel sesso". Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Programme for 6 credits:
For parts A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Repubbliche atlantiche. Una storia globale delle pratiche rivoluzionarie (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the topics covered in the lectures is required, as well as ONE volume chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso. Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Programme for 9 credits:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook are required:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the lecture topics is required, as well as TWO volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso (Revolutionising the Fair Sex). Women and politics in the three years of the Republic (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Non-attending students:
Programme for 6 credits:
For parts 1 and 2, knowledge of the textbook:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fortunes of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the topics covered in the lectures is required, as well as two volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, Rivoluzionare il bel sesso. Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Programme for 9 credits:
For parts 1 and 2, knowledge of the textbook:
For modules A and B, knowledge of the topics covered in class and knowledge of the textbook are required:
A. One of the following titles:
· De Francesco, Atlantic Republics: A Global History of Revolutionary Practices (1776-1804), Milan, Cortina, 2022
· P. Griffin, The Age of Atlantic Revolution: The Fall and Rise of a Connected World, Yale University Press, 2023, pp. 376
· W. Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic world: a comparative history, New York (N. Y.): New York University Press, cop. 2009 or 2018, pp. 253
· D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, The age of revolutions in global context, c. 1760-1840, Farnham (GB): Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 301
B. One of the following titles:
· F. Benigno, Rivoluzioni. Tra storia e storiografia, Rome, Officina Libraria 2021
· B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Origins and Fate of Nationalism, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2018 or other Italian or English edition
· H. Burstin, Rivoluzionari, Bari-Rome, Laterza, 2016
C. In addition, knowledge of the lecture topics is required, as well as THREE volumes chosen from the following:
· Benjamin L. Carp, Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2007.
· S. Newman, Parades and the Politics of the Street: Festive Culture in the Early American Republic, Pennsylvania University Press, 1999.
· A. Guerra, Il nuovo mondo rivoluzionario per una storia delle società politiche in Italia durante il Triennio (1796-1799), Rome, 2020.
· E. Strumia, "Rivoluzionare il bel sesso". Donne e politica nel triennio repubblicano (1796-1799), Giunta, Naples, 2012.
· D. Roche, The People of Paris: Popular Culture and Material Civilisation on the Eve of the Revolution, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986 or 2000.
· K. Jarvis, Politics in the Marketplace, Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France, Oxford University Press, 2019 or French translation, Katie Jarvis, Travail, genre et citoyenneté dans la France révolutionnaire, Rennes, 2023.
· J. Clarke, Commemorating the Dead in Revolutionary France, Revolution and Remembrance, 1789-1799, Cambridge, 2011.
· R. Clay, Iconoclasm in revolutionary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012
· L. Porter, Popular Rumour in Revolutionary Paris, 1792-1794, Palgrave, 2017
· D. Garrioch, The of Revolutionary Paris, University of California Press, 2002 or D. Garrioch, La fabrique du Paris révolutionnaire, Paris, La Découverte, 2013
Assessment methods and Criteria
Learning assessment can take place in two different ways, depending on the students' circumstances and choice. In both cases, however, the assessment criteria are: 1. the ability to organise knowledge discursively through the use of specialist vocabulary and full command of the Italian language (approximately 20% of the final mark). 2. The ability to communicate accurately the main knowledge acquired through individual study (approximately 60% of the final mark). 3. The ability to develop critical thinking about the concepts acquired, placing them in a basic social historiographical context (20%)
Option 1 (reserved for attending students):
1. Written mid-term exam + final oral exam
The written mid-term exam consists of multiple-choice questions and takes place at the end of the second module (module B). It covers the chronology and main events of the modern era and, more generally, relates to the contents of the textbook. It will take place during class hours and the results will be communicated on Ariel in accordance with privacy regulations. The intermediate test lasts approximately 90 minutes. Students may refuse to accept their mark.
The final oral exam covers the third module and the monographs indicated in the programme. The duration of the final exam is approximately 20 minutes. The marks of the two partial exams are added together to give the final mark, weighted two-thirds (module A+B) and one-third (module C) for those who have 9 credits. For those who have earned 6 credits, the weighting is 80% written test and 20% oral test.
2. Single oral test (open to all): For all those who are absent from the written test or refuse the grade, knowledge will be assessed through an oral exam at the end of the course according to the standard procedure common to all other exams.
Option 1 (reserved for attending students):
1. Written mid-term exam + final oral exam
The written mid-term exam consists of multiple-choice questions and takes place at the end of the second module (module B). It covers the chronology and main events of the modern era and, more generally, relates to the contents of the textbook. It will take place during class hours and the results will be communicated on Ariel in accordance with privacy regulations. The intermediate test lasts approximately 90 minutes. Students may refuse to accept their mark.
The final oral exam covers the third module and the monographs indicated in the programme. The duration of the final exam is approximately 20 minutes. The marks of the two partial exams are added together to give the final mark, weighted two-thirds (module A+B) and one-third (module C) for those who have 9 credits. For those who have earned 6 credits, the weighting is 80% written test and 20% oral test.
2. Single oral test (open to all): For all those who are absent from the written test or refuse the grade, knowledge will be assessed through an oral exam at the end of the course according to the standard procedure common to all other exams.
Unita' didattica A
M-STO/02 - MODERN HISTORY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours
Unita' didattica B
M-STO/02 - MODERN HISTORY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours
Unita' didattica C
M-STO/02 - MODERN HISTORY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor(s)
Reception:
Thursday 2.30 p.m. 5.30 p.m.
Entrance E, 3° floor, room 3007 (B23)