Organic Chemistry 2 and Organic Chemistry Laboratory

THEORETICAL UNIT
1. Aromatic compounds. Chemistry of benzene and naphtalene, aromaticity, mechanisms of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, activating, deactivating and orienting effects of substituting groups. Understanding of main reactions of synthetic value. Some classes of compounds will be developed taking into account their specific importance.
2. Sulfur containing compounds
3. Enols, enolates, enamines, electron-poor alkenes, quinones: kinetics and thermodynamics of enolization processes, formation and stability of enolates and enamines; synthetic applications of aldol condensation reactions, Claisen condensation reactions, alkylation processes. Theory and use of the reactivity of eletron-poor alkenes.
4. Heterocyclic compounds. A general picture of the reactivity of several important heterocyclic rings will be given to the student taking into account those essential for his career. Main synthetic pathways will be explained.
5. Amino acids and peptides: properties of amino acids, their synthesis, protecting groups and principles of peptide synthesis.

6. Exercises. Theoretical and practical problems will be proposed to the student and solved by direct free discussion.

LAB UNIT
Practical experiences are preceded by the necessary theoretical explanations.
- Basic operations of the Organic Chemistry laboratory: a) Crystallization b) Fractional distillation c) Column chromatography d) Extraction and separation - Examples of preparation of simple compounds with typical techniques and reactions: a) Reduction b) Oxidation c) Halogenation d) Nitration e) Diazocopulation f) Aldolic and / or Claisen condensation g) Esterification and / or hydrolysis h) Acylation.
All operations and syntheses are followed and controlled with the most appropriate routine analytical techniques (TLC, Chromatographic column, gas-chromatography, etc.). All the products obtained will be subjected to adequate purification and characterization processes.

THEORETICAL UNIT
1. Aromatic compounds. Chemistry of benzene and naphtalene, aromaticity, mechanisms of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, activating, deactivating and orienting effects of substituting groups. Understanding of main reactions of synthetic value. Some classes of compounds will be developed taking into account their specific importance.
2. Sulfur containing compounds
3. Enols, enolates, enamines, electron-poor alkenes, quinones: kinetics and thermodynamics of enolization processes, formation and stability of enolates and enamines; synthetic applications of aldol condensation reactions, Claisen condensation reactions, alkylation processes. Theory and use of the reactivity of eletron-poor alkenes.
4. Heterocyclic compounds. A general picture of the reactivity of several important heterocyclic rings will be given to the student taking into account those essential for his career. Main synthetic pathways will be explained.
5. Amino acids and peptides: properties of amino acids, their synthesis, protecting groups and principles of peptide synthesis.
6. Exercises. Theoretical and practical problems will be proposed to the student and solved by direct free discussion.

LAB UNIT
Practical experiences are preceded by the necessary theoretical explanations.
- Basic operations of the Organic Chemistry laboratory: a) Crystallization b) Fractional distillation c) Column chromatography d) Extraction and separation - Examples of preparation of simple compounds with typical techniques and reactions: a) Reduction b) Oxidation c) Halogenation d) Nitration e) Diazocopulation f) Aldolic and / or Claisen condensation g) Esterification and / or hydrolysis h) Acylation.
All operations and syntheses are followed and controlled with the most appropriate routine analytical techniques (TLC, Chromatographic column, gas-chromatography, etc.). All the products obtained will be subjected to adequate purification and characterization processes.