Postgraduate School of Legal Medicine
Postgraduate Schools - Medicine, Healthcare, Dental Medicine
A.Y. 2024/2025
Course class
Classe della sanità pubblica
Study area
Director of Specialization School
Integrated Learning Objectives (i.e., Common Core)
The trainee must have acquired skills in medical statistics, hygiene, forensic medicine, occupational medicine, epidemiology, business organization, demography, work and organizational psychology, and labor law.
The objective of the common training for the disciplines in the class is to acquire knowledge of the classification and characterization of different population groups, their general and work organization, and lifestyles, taking into account the increasingly important psychological implications.
The aim of this course is to provide appropriate statistical assessments, analyze hygiene, medico-legal, occupational, and risk issues, assess fitness, assess pathologies and disabilities, and implement all preventive measures as required by current and evolving legislation.
Basic Educational Objectives
- Acquisition of the legislative and jurisprudential tools necessary for a thorough understanding of state organization (legislative, administrative, and judicial structures and mechanisms), as well as the fundamentals of constitutional, private, labor, canon and ecclesiastical, criminal, and procedural law (civil and criminal);
- Acquisition of orientation and application elements in comparative law (private and public);
the recognition and definition of general problems of medico-legal interest according to methodologically correct terms, with particular reference to the material causal link, the chronological correlation of different events, the specification of the means and methods of production of the event, the significance and relative prevalence of human and technical-health behaviors in the production of legally and administratively significant events
Educational objectives of the School
- Acquisition of the methodological and technical elements for examining the corpse (or its remains) with reference to the specification of the time of death, the mechanisms, and the means of death (distinguishing between natural death and death from violent causes);
- Expertise in special autopsy investigations (autopsies on fetuses and newborns; deaths from criminal abortive practices; deaths related to medical-surgical practices; and corpses subjected to transformative phenomena);
- Acquisition of the theoretical and practical tools for the assessment and evaluation of injuries and impairments of criminal or civil interest;
- Acquisition of the knowledge and elements necessary to fulfill the certification requirements requested by the citizen, whether mandatory or voluntary, including, among other things, the assessment of psychophysical conditions, requests for authorizations, the definition of unfitness, incapacity, invalidity, or disability, and the identification of causal links between service-related events or medical-surgical procedures performed under legal obligation;
- Acquisition of the doctrinal and methodological foundations, as well as the technical elements for the ethical approach and evaluation of health-related behaviors and events, with particular reference to issues surrounding the beginning and end of life, as well as those related to personality;
- Acquisition of expertise in the area of interprofessional relationships, relationships between professionals and institutions, or individual citizens, as outlined in the Code of Ethics, as well as the ability to verify and evaluate the quality and propriety of medical-surgical decisions and the assessment of events that may be considered a source or expression of professional liability of the surgeon (including specialists) and healthcare workers, including in relation to specific professional profiles;
- Acquisition of the doctrinal and regulatory foundations (national and international) as well as the application elements for the provision of social insurance benefits (temporary disability; permanent disability; social spa treatment; tuberculosis and old-age insurance; right to rehabilitation benefits) to citizens enrolled in public insurance institutions, including with particular reference to those injured at work or suffering from occupational diseases;
- Acquisition of the medical-legal management skills of psycho-physical situations that result in civil disability or social disadvantage, for the purpose of properly assessing the citizen's residual working capacity and related individual autonomy;
- Acquisition of skills in approaching and evaluating various private insurance lines of medical-legal interest (life, accident, health, liability, supplementary pension);
- Acquisition of the knowledge base and application elements for conducting forensic laboratory investigations, with reference to the study and evaluation of histopathological preparations, animal remains, and traces;
- Acquisition of the basic elements for guiding forensic investigations, with reference to crime scenes, the collection, preservation, and examination of traces and injurious means, including ballistics;
- Acquisition of fundamental theoretical and practical knowledge related to blood transfusion and organ transplantation, as well as learning the technical elements useful for identifying diagnostics with regard to gender, species, individuality, and establishing kinship;
- Acquisition of the disciplinary, methodological, and technical foundations required to conduct forensic investigations in various areas of toxicology: clinical toxicology, analytical toxicology, occupational and environmental toxicology, iatrogenic toxicology, food toxicology, sports toxicology and doping control, and the toxicology of psychoactive substance abuse, with particular reference to alcohol and narcotics. The trainee must also acquire the basic technical elements, including analytical ones, for the forensic diagnosis of intoxication (acute and chronic) and poisoning;
- Acquisition of the skills for appropriate ethical and deontological evaluation of experimental protocols, according to good clinical practice standards;
- Learning of the theoretical foundations, methodologies, techniques, and activities related to general, clinical, and juvenile criminology, forensic psychology, and forensic psychopathology;
- Acquisition of knowledge useful for an adequate nosographic classification of criminal behavior and the victim (including minors), with reference to general criminological and victimological aspects, clinical criminological aspects, including juvenile criminological aspects, as well as more specifically psychopathological aspects, in accordance with various general and specific regulatory provisions, including those pertaining to prison organization;
- Acquisition of all useful methods for personal identification through investigations of a hemogenetic and/or forensic ethics nature.
hese objectives are similar or complementary.
- Acquisition of the basic knowledge and application elements in the fields of internal medicine and general surgery, as well as diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, psychiatry, neurology, odontostomatological and visual system diseases, otorhinolaryngology, audiology, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, gynecology and obstetrics, anesthesiology, and occupational medicine, with reference to the fundamentals of physical and instrumental semiotics and differential nosography useful for the diagnostic definition of injuries and impairments in terms of medico-legal significance.
Mandatory professional development activities to achieve the educational objectives of this type of training include:
- Participation in at least 5 on-site inspections and/or death certifications, as required by mortuary police regulations or by direct or delegated order of the judicial authority;
- Participation in at least 50 post-mortem examinations with the related preparation of certifications at a municipal mortuary or in a hospital and/or community setting;
- Participation in at least 100 post-mortem examinations completed by the cadaver section, performing at least 20 of them entirely and personally (external examination, sectioning, and determination of the cause(s) of death);
- Participation in at least 2 cadaver exhumations;
- Participation in at least 30 forensic examinations of criminal interest;
- Participation in at least 60 forensic examinations of civil interest, of which at least 30 related to medical professional liability;
- Have participated in at least 30 medico-legal assessments of private insurance interest;
- Have participated in at least 30 medico-legal assessments of social insurance interest;
- Have participated in at least 10 criminal, civil, or labor hearings;
- Have participated in at least 10 assessments and evaluations of criminological or forensic psychopathology cases;
- Have attended an INPS office for at least 2 months;
- Have attended an INAIL office for at least 2 months;
- Have participated in the activities of a Forensic Medicine service in a Local Health Authority for at least 2 months, taking part in all forensic and social medicine activities;
- Having attended a hospital-based forensic medicine service for at least four months, participating in at least 50 forensic medicine consultations and/or assessments (participation in committees for the determination of death, including for transplant purposes; consultations for voluntary termination of pregnancy, for mandatory medical assessments or treatments; consultations for the adequacy of patient information and the implementation of the relevant will; relations with the patient's rights tribunal, etc.) and participating in all phases of management and resolution of medical liability cases (including meetings of the claims management and assessment committees) as well as in clinical risk management, institutional accreditation, and quality certification activities;
- Having participated in at least three mediation and/or conciliation procedures regarding medical malpractice;
- Having participated in at least five ethics committee meetings, following their work from the preliminary investigation stage;
- Have participated in the interpretation of at least 80 instrumental investigations, including radiology, ultrasound, electrodiagnostics, etc.;
- Have participated in at least 100 histopathological investigations;
- Have participated in at least 5 personal identification investigations;
- Have participated in at least 10 toxicology investigations;
- Participation in at least 10 genetic investigations
Other core activities of the trainee specialist, useful for acquiring specific and advanced knowledge in the field of Forensic Medicine, are in the following areas:
- Forensic pathology and thanatology
- Clinical risk
- Bioethics and medical ethics
- Medicine and surgery applied to legal cases
- Forensic laboratory
- Forensic toxicology and forensic biochemistry
- Forensic genetics
- Forensic radiology
- Forensic criminology and psychopathology
- Forensic entomology
- Personal injury assessment
- Specialist outpatient practice
- Social medicine
- Attendance at highly specialized centers and/or laboratories, both national and international
The trainee may apply for a diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.
As part of the training program, the trainee must learn the scientific foundations of the School's typology in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence, including an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and a critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both assistance and his own updating; in this area, participation in meetings, conferences and the production of scientific publications as well as periods of attendance at qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his training may be foreseen.
The trainee must have acquired skills in medical statistics, hygiene, forensic medicine, occupational medicine, epidemiology, business organization, demography, work and organizational psychology, and labor law.
The objective of the common training for the disciplines in the class is to acquire knowledge of the classification and characterization of different population groups, their general and work organization, and lifestyles, taking into account the increasingly important psychological implications.
The aim of this course is to provide appropriate statistical assessments, analyze hygiene, medico-legal, occupational, and risk issues, assess fitness, assess pathologies and disabilities, and implement all preventive measures as required by current and evolving legislation.
Basic Educational Objectives
- Acquisition of the legislative and jurisprudential tools necessary for a thorough understanding of state organization (legislative, administrative, and judicial structures and mechanisms), as well as the fundamentals of constitutional, private, labor, canon and ecclesiastical, criminal, and procedural law (civil and criminal);
- Acquisition of orientation and application elements in comparative law (private and public);
the recognition and definition of general problems of medico-legal interest according to methodologically correct terms, with particular reference to the material causal link, the chronological correlation of different events, the specification of the means and methods of production of the event, the significance and relative prevalence of human and technical-health behaviors in the production of legally and administratively significant events
Educational objectives of the School
- Acquisition of the methodological and technical elements for examining the corpse (or its remains) with reference to the specification of the time of death, the mechanisms, and the means of death (distinguishing between natural death and death from violent causes);
- Expertise in special autopsy investigations (autopsies on fetuses and newborns; deaths from criminal abortive practices; deaths related to medical-surgical practices; and corpses subjected to transformative phenomena);
- Acquisition of the theoretical and practical tools for the assessment and evaluation of injuries and impairments of criminal or civil interest;
- Acquisition of the knowledge and elements necessary to fulfill the certification requirements requested by the citizen, whether mandatory or voluntary, including, among other things, the assessment of psychophysical conditions, requests for authorizations, the definition of unfitness, incapacity, invalidity, or disability, and the identification of causal links between service-related events or medical-surgical procedures performed under legal obligation;
- Acquisition of the doctrinal and methodological foundations, as well as the technical elements for the ethical approach and evaluation of health-related behaviors and events, with particular reference to issues surrounding the beginning and end of life, as well as those related to personality;
- Acquisition of expertise in the area of interprofessional relationships, relationships between professionals and institutions, or individual citizens, as outlined in the Code of Ethics, as well as the ability to verify and evaluate the quality and propriety of medical-surgical decisions and the assessment of events that may be considered a source or expression of professional liability of the surgeon (including specialists) and healthcare workers, including in relation to specific professional profiles;
- Acquisition of the doctrinal and regulatory foundations (national and international) as well as the application elements for the provision of social insurance benefits (temporary disability; permanent disability; social spa treatment; tuberculosis and old-age insurance; right to rehabilitation benefits) to citizens enrolled in public insurance institutions, including with particular reference to those injured at work or suffering from occupational diseases;
- Acquisition of the medical-legal management skills of psycho-physical situations that result in civil disability or social disadvantage, for the purpose of properly assessing the citizen's residual working capacity and related individual autonomy;
- Acquisition of skills in approaching and evaluating various private insurance lines of medical-legal interest (life, accident, health, liability, supplementary pension);
- Acquisition of the knowledge base and application elements for conducting forensic laboratory investigations, with reference to the study and evaluation of histopathological preparations, animal remains, and traces;
- Acquisition of the basic elements for guiding forensic investigations, with reference to crime scenes, the collection, preservation, and examination of traces and injurious means, including ballistics;
- Acquisition of fundamental theoretical and practical knowledge related to blood transfusion and organ transplantation, as well as learning the technical elements useful for identifying diagnostics with regard to gender, species, individuality, and establishing kinship;
- Acquisition of the disciplinary, methodological, and technical foundations required to conduct forensic investigations in various areas of toxicology: clinical toxicology, analytical toxicology, occupational and environmental toxicology, iatrogenic toxicology, food toxicology, sports toxicology and doping control, and the toxicology of psychoactive substance abuse, with particular reference to alcohol and narcotics. The trainee must also acquire the basic technical elements, including analytical ones, for the forensic diagnosis of intoxication (acute and chronic) and poisoning;
- Acquisition of the skills for appropriate ethical and deontological evaluation of experimental protocols, according to good clinical practice standards;
- Learning of the theoretical foundations, methodologies, techniques, and activities related to general, clinical, and juvenile criminology, forensic psychology, and forensic psychopathology;
- Acquisition of knowledge useful for an adequate nosographic classification of criminal behavior and the victim (including minors), with reference to general criminological and victimological aspects, clinical criminological aspects, including juvenile criminological aspects, as well as more specifically psychopathological aspects, in accordance with various general and specific regulatory provisions, including those pertaining to prison organization;
- Acquisition of all useful methods for personal identification through investigations of a hemogenetic and/or forensic ethics nature.
hese objectives are similar or complementary.
- Acquisition of the basic knowledge and application elements in the fields of internal medicine and general surgery, as well as diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, psychiatry, neurology, odontostomatological and visual system diseases, otorhinolaryngology, audiology, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, gynecology and obstetrics, anesthesiology, and occupational medicine, with reference to the fundamentals of physical and instrumental semiotics and differential nosography useful for the diagnostic definition of injuries and impairments in terms of medico-legal significance.
Mandatory professional development activities to achieve the educational objectives of this type of training include:
- Participation in at least 5 on-site inspections and/or death certifications, as required by mortuary police regulations or by direct or delegated order of the judicial authority;
- Participation in at least 50 post-mortem examinations with the related preparation of certifications at a municipal mortuary or in a hospital and/or community setting;
- Participation in at least 100 post-mortem examinations completed by the cadaver section, performing at least 20 of them entirely and personally (external examination, sectioning, and determination of the cause(s) of death);
- Participation in at least 2 cadaver exhumations;
- Participation in at least 30 forensic examinations of criminal interest;
- Participation in at least 60 forensic examinations of civil interest, of which at least 30 related to medical professional liability;
- Have participated in at least 30 medico-legal assessments of private insurance interest;
- Have participated in at least 30 medico-legal assessments of social insurance interest;
- Have participated in at least 10 criminal, civil, or labor hearings;
- Have participated in at least 10 assessments and evaluations of criminological or forensic psychopathology cases;
- Have attended an INPS office for at least 2 months;
- Have attended an INAIL office for at least 2 months;
- Have participated in the activities of a Forensic Medicine service in a Local Health Authority for at least 2 months, taking part in all forensic and social medicine activities;
- Having attended a hospital-based forensic medicine service for at least four months, participating in at least 50 forensic medicine consultations and/or assessments (participation in committees for the determination of death, including for transplant purposes; consultations for voluntary termination of pregnancy, for mandatory medical assessments or treatments; consultations for the adequacy of patient information and the implementation of the relevant will; relations with the patient's rights tribunal, etc.) and participating in all phases of management and resolution of medical liability cases (including meetings of the claims management and assessment committees) as well as in clinical risk management, institutional accreditation, and quality certification activities;
- Having participated in at least three mediation and/or conciliation procedures regarding medical malpractice;
- Having participated in at least five ethics committee meetings, following their work from the preliminary investigation stage;
- Have participated in the interpretation of at least 80 instrumental investigations, including radiology, ultrasound, electrodiagnostics, etc.;
- Have participated in at least 100 histopathological investigations;
- Have participated in at least 5 personal identification investigations;
- Have participated in at least 10 toxicology investigations;
- Participation in at least 10 genetic investigations
Other core activities of the trainee specialist, useful for acquiring specific and advanced knowledge in the field of Forensic Medicine, are in the following areas:
- Forensic pathology and thanatology
- Clinical risk
- Bioethics and medical ethics
- Medicine and surgery applied to legal cases
- Forensic laboratory
- Forensic toxicology and forensic biochemistry
- Forensic genetics
- Forensic radiology
- Forensic criminology and psychopathology
- Forensic entomology
- Personal injury assessment
- Specialist outpatient practice
- Social medicine
- Attendance at highly specialized centers and/or laboratories, both national and international
The trainee may apply for a diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.
As part of the training program, the trainee must learn the scientific foundations of the School's typology in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence, including an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and a critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both assistance and his own updating; in this area, participation in meetings, conferences and the production of scientific publications as well as periods of attendance at qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his training may be foreseen.
Candidates are selected through an annual competition based on qualifications and examination. The call for applications is normally issued by 28 February of each year by a Ministerial Decree, and the number of places available is determined pursuant to art. 35, paragraph 2, of Legislative Decree no. 368 of 1999.
Eligible candidates are Medicine graduates who obtained their degree before the application deadline set out in the call for applications, provided that they pass the Medical Practitioner State Board Exam within the start date of the Postgraduate School programme
Eligible candidates are Medicine graduates who obtained their degree before the application deadline set out in the call for applications, provided that they pass the Medical Practitioner State Board Exam within the start date of the Postgraduate School programme
Milan
Learning centers
Formal and professional training courses are offered at the following locations:
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Forensic Medicine Section
- Anatomy Room, City of Milan
ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital
- Forensic Medicine Unit, "Fatebenefratelli e Ophthalmico" Hospital
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- Sexual Assault Rescue Service
ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital
- Forensic Medicine Unit, "San Paolo" Hospital
- S.C. Psychiatry 51 and 52
INAIL
- Regional Directorate and Local Offices in Milan
INPS
- CML INPS - Milan Unit
Italian Auxological Institute (IRCCS San Luca)
- Highly Complex Outpatient Activities Unit within the Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences
- Specialized Rehabilitation Unit
Nemo Clinical Center in Milan - Serena Foundation c/o ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
- Neurorehabilitation Unit
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Forensic Medicine Section
- Anatomy Room, City of Milan
ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital
- Forensic Medicine Unit, "Fatebenefratelli e Ophthalmico" Hospital
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- Sexual Assault Rescue Service
ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital
- Forensic Medicine Unit, "San Paolo" Hospital
- S.C. Psychiatry 51 and 52
INAIL
- Regional Directorate and Local Offices in Milan
INPS
- CML INPS - Milan Unit
Italian Auxological Institute (IRCCS San Luca)
- Highly Complex Outpatient Activities Unit within the Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences
- Specialized Rehabilitation Unit
Nemo Clinical Center in Milan - Serena Foundation c/o ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
- Neurorehabilitation Unit
- Segreteria Didattica della Scuola di Specializzazione: dott.ssa Marina Tassara
Dip. di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute,via L. Mangiagalli n. 37, 20133 Milano
[email protected]
+3902/50315683
Courses list
year
| Courses or activities | Professor(s) | ECTS | Total hours | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compulsory | ||||
| Anatomia patologica | 2 | 16 | Italian | |
| Demografia tronco comune | 1 | 15 | Italian | |
| Diritto del lavoro tronco comune | 1 | 15 | Italian | |
| Diritto penale | 1 | 8 | Italian | |
| Diritto privato | 1 | 8 | Italian | |
| Diritto processuale civile | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Informatica | 1 | 8 | Italian | |
| Medicina legale 1 | 38 | 62 | Italian | |
| Organizzazione aziendale tronco comune | 1 | 15 | Italian | |
| Patologia clinica | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Psicologia clinica | 1 | 8 | Italian | |
| Psicologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni tronco comune | 1 | 15 | Italian | |
| Tirocinio tronco comune | 10 | Italian | ||
year
| Courses or activities | Professor(s) | ECTS | Total hours | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compulsory | ||||
| Ginecologia | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Igiene e medicina preventiva tronco comune | 4 | 15 | Italian | |
| Medicina del lavoro tronco comune | 4 | 15 | Italian | |
| Medicina interna | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Medicina legale 2 | 43 | 62 | Italian | |
| Medicina legale tronco comune | 3 | 15 | Italian | |
| Ortopedia | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Pediatria | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Statistica medica tronco comune | 4 | 15 | Italian | |
year
| Courses or activities | Professor(s) | ECTS | Total hours | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compulsory | ||||
| Medicina legale 3 | 58 | 62 | Italian | |
| Neurochirurgia | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Neurologia | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Psichiatria | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Radiodiagnostica | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
year
| Courses or activities | Professor(s) | ECTS | Total hours | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compulsory | ||||
| Anestesiologia | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Chirurgia generale | 0.5 | 4 | Italian | |
| Medicina legale 4 | 41 | 62 | Italian | |
| Tecnica della conciliazione e mediazione | 3 | 24 | Italian | |
Conclusive activities
| Courses or activities | Professor(s) | ECTS | Total hours | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compulsory | ||||
| Prova finale | 15 | Italian | ||
Enrolment
Call for applications
The call for applications is being finalized. Please refer to the call, once it is available, for admission test dates and contents, and how to register.
Application for admission: application deadlines will be published shortly.
The call for applications is being finalized
Postgraduate schools
For graduates in Law, Dental Medicine, Humanities, Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacy, Mathematics and Physics