Postgraduate School of Sport and Exercise Medicine

Integrated (i.e., core) training objectives
The trainee must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the clinical and instrumental diagnosis and treatment, including emergency and urgent conditions, of the most common internal medicine diseases. The trainee must acquire fundamental knowledge of the pathophysiology of various organs and systems, the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize diseases affecting the various body systems, the theoretical and practical knowledge of the main areas of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics related to the aforementioned diseases, and the ability to evaluate the connections and influences of internal medicine and specialists. Therefore, the trainee must be able to recognize the clinical and functional symptoms and signs of diseases affecting various organs and systems, having acquired the fundamental diagnostic, therapeutic, psychological, and ethical knowledge necessary for a comprehensive patient perspective. To this end, the trainee must develop the ability to clinically assess the patient based on the medical history and physical examination; develop critical and analytical diagnostic skills; Become familiar with the main diagnostic procedures and laboratory and instrumental investigations; recognize and be able to address major medical emergencies; become familiar with therapeutic resources to plan their optimal use and recognize their indications and contraindications, as well as the effects of interactions and potential iatrogenic effects; acquire fundamental knowledge of clinical research methodologies and pharmacological trials; and understand the fundamental issues related to prevention, public health, and social medicine. The trainee must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the recognition and treatment, in emergency situations, of the most common pathologies. Finally, the trainee must also have clinical and therapeutic knowledge of the most common pathologies covered by the other categories of the class.

Basic Educational Objectives
The trainee must learn the fundamental principles of biomechanics, the structure, and function of the systems directly and indirectly involved in physical activity and sports, and acquire key knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms and biochemical, genetic, and nutritional correlations from childhood to adulthood, as well as the ability to statistically process collected data.

General Educational Objectives
The trainee must acquire knowledge of epidemiology, methodology, and physical, instrumental, and laboratory semiotics, as well as diagnostic imaging, including nuclear medicine.

School-Specific Educational Objectives
The trainee must:
- Acquire in-depth knowledge of general and differential diagnostics and expertise in the therapeutic treatment of acute pathological conditions frequently encountered in sports medicine practice;
- Be able to perform a comprehensive clinical and instrumental assessment of athletes, both at rest and under stress, and acquire the tools for a proper evaluation of neuro- and psychomotor behaviors and motivations for sports, especially in children;
- Know the internal medicine, cardiology, and orthopedic-trauma pathologies that limit and contraindicate physical and sports activity, as well as any pathologies potentially caused by sports;
- Know the effects of medications on performance, with particular attention to toxicological aspects;
- Acquire the main concepts of therapy and rehabilitation for various sports-related traumatic injuries, understand the main first aid techniques, and be able to recognize urgent and emergency conditions, including those of a toxic or traumatic nature;
- Know the influence of sports activity on pre-existing pathologies and its use for therapeutic purposes;
- Understand the organization and resources of community-based medicine and play an active role in implementing the goals of wellness and health protection for all those practicing physical activity in local communities;
- Acquire knowledge of fundamental concepts related to the following areas: theory of movement and sport; methodology and practice of sports training; regulation of various sports specialties; national and international sports organizations;
- Compare its motivations and moral foundations with the ethics required for human health protection, understanding the legal and organizational aspects of the profession and adequately understanding the progressive scientific development of medicine.

Mandatory professional development activities to achieve the educational objectives of this type of program include:
- participation in the evaluation of at least 200 suitability assessments, 40 of which are derived from the supplementary evaluation of instrumental and/or laboratory tests for problems in the fields of cardiology, internal medicine, and orthopedics;
- Participation in the development and monitoring of 20 post-traumatic rehabilitation and post-reconstructive orthopedic surgery protocols, as well as the acquisition of various functional bandaging techniques for sports-related injuries and/or chronic conditions;
- Participation in at least 10 clinical and functional assessment experiences in the laboratory and/or in the field for physically disabled athletes;
- Direct and independent performance of at least 30 functional ergometric assessments in patients with chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic conditions, including the associated training programs, and 30 assessments in subjects with cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions;
- Participation in the development of at least 10 training programs in 4 sports disciplines (2 with predominantly anaerobic activity and 2 with predominantly aerobic activity);
- A period of attendance of at least 30 days in an Emergency Department (emergency room);
- Participation in the conduct, according to good clinical practice standards, of at least 3 physiopathological and/or clinical trials. Controlled.

The trainee may apply for the diploma after completing the professional development activities.

As part of the training program, the trainee must learn the scientific foundations of the School's structure in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence. This includes adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and a critical understanding that allows them to consciously manage both their healthcare and their own development. This may include participation in meetings, conferences, the production of scientific publications, and periods of attendance at qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for their training.