Postgraduate School of Orthodontics

Integrated Educational Objectives (i.e., Common Core)
The trainee must have acquired doctrinal knowledge in the general disciplines that contribute to the training of specialists in Oral Surgery, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, as well as in the disciplines characterizing the clinical and diagnostic aspects of emergencies and first aid.

Basic Educational Objectives
- In-depth knowledge of the biological and medical disciplines pertaining to the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the dento-maxillofacial region, with particular reference to development, growth, as well as the mechanisms of formative and morphological conditioning of the dento-maxillofacial complex and its interactions with the soma;
- Learning and acquiring the application skills of statistical and statistical-epidemiological methodologies

Educational Objectives of the School
- Comprehensive knowledge of clinical and instrumental diagnostics, the pathophysiology of the dento-maxillofacial region, and related therapeutic aspects;
- In-depth knowledge of orthognathic semiotics, also making use of clinical and instrumental tools;
- Identification of diagnostic pathways useful for identifying the various types of malocclusion and alterations of the dento-maxillofacial region, from dental malocclusions to generalized hereditary or congenital malformations;
- Acquisition of specific skills in the prevention, detection, and correction of malocclusions, as well as in the treatment of dental and dento-skeletal dysgnathia in growing children and adults;
- Acquisition of specific knowledge and skills in the treatment of dento-maxillofacial malformations and in orthodontic preparation and finalization in support of orthognathic surgery;
- Acquisition of specific knowledge and skills in the diagnostic aspects and therapeutic solutions related to intra- and extra-articular problems of the temporomandibular joint, as well as the interconnections with various general pathologies such as headaches, postural imbalances, muscle tension disorders, myofascial disorders, and asymmetries;
- Acquisition of the ability to adopt a multidisciplinary approach between orthognathodontics and the disciplines included in the scientific-disciplinary sector in which the School of Specialization is integrated;
- Deepening knowledge of the local-regional and systemic implications of orthognathic treatment of patients with diseases affecting other organ systems, including rare diseases.

Similar, integrative, and interdisciplinary objectives
- Deepening knowledge of the fundamentals of pathologies related to alterations in the dento-maxillofacial region;
- Deepening knowledge of phenomena related to the psychological approach to temporomandibular joint disorders, neurological problems related to headaches, and postural alterations;
- Deepening knowledge of the fundamentals of forensic medicine in its various aspects, including clinical bioethics;
- Deepening knowledge of the fundamentals of healthcare management;
- Deepening knowledge of the legislative regulations governing healthcare organization;
- Acquisition of IT skills useful, particularly in managing diagnostic data and planning treatment;
- Deepening of knowledge of the English language to a level that allows understanding of international literature and updating.


The practical training of residents takes place in University, Hospital, and Local Health Authority facilities affiliated with the University.
The resident's training must be aimed at pursuing the educational objectives of the School of Orthodontics and must include guided and supervised participation in all practical, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic activities, both for growing children and adults, with specific and targeted learning of laboratory procedures and the use of instrumental aids. This participation must also be certified through formal attendance records.

The professionalizing activities for the Specialization in Orthodontics are identified in the treatments for the specific pathologies outlined in the characterizing objectives.
Specifically, the above objectives are considered met if the resident performs, under specific tutoring, the following therapies during the three-year training program:
- 50 outpatient and/or community orthodontic visits
- 30 diagnoses and treatment plans
- 20 cases of interceptive therapy
- 12 cases of corrective therapy
- 5 cases of gnathological therapy
- 5 multidisciplinary cases (relating to interconnections with other dentistry disciplines)
- 3 cases of treatment of dento-maxillo-facial alterations and/or malformations (relating to interconnections with maxillofacial surgery).

The resident may apply for the diploma after completing the professional development activities.

As part of their training, the trainee will be expected to learn the scientific foundations of the School's typology in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence, including an adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and a critical understanding that allows them to consciously manage both assistance and their own development. This training may include participation in meetings, conferences, the production of scientific publications, and periods of attendance at qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for their training.