Analytical Methods for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies

- Ionic equilibria in aqueous solutions, ionic strength, activity coefficients, Debye-Huckel equation
- Acid-base equilibrium: buffers, buffer capacity, indicators
- Systematic method for performing equilibrium calculations
- Amminoacids: isoionic and isoelectric point
- Coordination compounds.
- Oxidation/reduction reactions: electrode potentials, Nerst equation
- Volumetric titrations (precipitation, acid-base, complex formation, oxidation/reduction)
- Potentiometric methods : junction potential, reference and indicator electrodes, calibration, direct methods
- Potentiometric titrations
- Spectrophotometric methods, the electromagnetic radiation and the light/matter interaction, absorption spectroscopy, chromophores, Lambert-Beer equation
- Spectrophotometric titrations
- Emission spectroscopy
- Fluorescence methods: fluorescent probe for cell imaging, chemiluminescent methods
- A short introduction on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Mass spectrometry
ESI and MALDI mass spec techniques and their application in peptide mapping and charting and in lipids analysis (shotgun lipidomics). Mass analyzers: ion trap, triple quadrupole, time of flight. Spectra acquisition.

Hyphenated analytical techniques
HPLC-UV-DAD, HPLC-MS. Ion sources for HPLC-MS. UHPLC (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography) e application in peptide-protein analysis.

Impurities analysis (European and Italian Pharmacopoeia)

Method set-up and validation
Specificity, linearity, assay range, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, robustness, system suitability