Systematic and Comparative Veterinary Anatomy

The course provides exhaustive knowledge of the macro- and microanatomy of the Integument, the Locomotor, Cardio-circulatory, Respiratory systems in species of Veterinary interest (cat, dog cow and small ruminants, pig, horse, rabbit). The course includes fundamental introductory concepts, such as the general body organization and its structural outline, the anatomy of the splanchnic cavities and the organogenesis of organs and apparatuses

ORGANIZATION
The module 1 comprises one part of theoretical teaching (40 hours) and another part of supervised practical training (16 hours) carried out:
· in the dissecting room through the examination of real bones, joints and skeletons, as well as skeletal and joints models;
· in the dissecting room, through the examination of cadavers to study the organization of the skeletal muscles

During the practical training the students are divided in groups of 5/6 people/each that work autonomously under the direct supervision of the academic staff.

PROGRAM
Frontal Lessons
1. General Anatomy: anatomy nomenclature; general body organization and its structural outline (2 hours)
2. Anatomy of the Locomotor Apparatus: (20 hours)
- general concepts on bones, joints and muscles, (3 hours)
- axial skeleton, bones and joints (5 hours)
- appedicular skeleton, hind limb, bones and joints (3 hours)
- appedicular skeleton, fore limb, bones and joints (3 hours)
- imbs muscles (3 hours)
- head, neck, torax and abdomen muscles (3 hours)
3. Anatomy of the Cardio-circulatory system (8 hours)
4. Anatomy of the Resapiratory system (6 hours)
5. Anatomy of the integument (4 hours)
Descriptive and comparative criteria are utilized in the study of the different arguments. Differences among species are opportunely underlined.

Practical Lessons
The exercises on the skeletal system take place on isolated bones, whole skeletons, myological preparations and models; those of myology on limbs isolated from corpses of different species
1. Axis skeleton and related joints (4 hours)
2. Limbs skeleton and related joints (8 hours)
3. Myology (4 hours)

* microscopic anatomy exercises are held together with those of the Systematic and Comparative Veterinary Anatomy Module 2

Organization
The module 2 comprises one part of theoretical teaching (32 hours) and a second part of supervised practical training (16 hours) carried out:
· in the dissecting room, through the examination of organs and cadavers; plastic models are also available aside
· in the microscopic anatomy room, through the examination of histological specimens of animal organs from the different systems which are object of the course.
During the practical training the students are divided into of 5-6 people/each group.


Program
1. Introduction to the course, organogenesis (2 hours)
2-Anatomy of the cephalic gut : oral cavity and pharinx (5 hours)
3. Anatomy of anterior gut: esophagus and stomach (7 hours)
4. Anatomy of the mid Gut: small and large intestine, rectum and anus (4 hours)
5. Anatomy of the glands liver and pancreas (2 hours)
6. Anatomy of the Urinary sustem (4 hours)
7. Anatomy of the female genital system (4 hours)
8. Anatomy of the male genital system (4 hours)

Exercises: 16 hours
Macroscopic anatomy:
1. Digestive system (4 hours)
2. Female and male uro-genital system (2 hours)
3. Cardiovascular and respiratory system (2 hours)

Microscopic anatomy
4. Digestive system (4 hours)
5. Female and male uro-genital system (2 hours)
6. Cardiovascular and respiratory system (2 hours)


Descriptive and comparative criteria are utilized in the study of the different Systems and they are all preceded by the description of the respective Organogenesis. Every organ is described including shape, position and fixation media, relation to other organs, architecture and structure, blood vessels and nerves. Differences among species are opportunely underlined.