Advanced Physics Methods in Organic Chemistry
A.Y. 2022/2023
Learning objectives
The course provides to the students the skills for the structural and conformational characterization of organic compounds, through the application of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
Expected learning outcomes
The course provides to the students an advanced knowledge of NMR and mass spectroscopy, Eventually, students will be able to interpret mono and two-dimensional NMR spectra (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and mass spectra of organic molecules.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Description of the technique and of spectral parameters:
· chemical shift and factors causing the variation of chemical shifts
· coupling constants and signal multiplicity. Origin of splitting.
· NMR applied to hetero-nuclei and their peculiarities in the observation of the NMR spectra
Homo- and hetero nuclear decoupling. Relaxation times. Nuclear effect Overhauser (nOe).
Pulse experiment: the spin echo experiment as an introduction to one-dimensional pulsed sequences.
13C-NMR spectroscopy. One-dimensional experiments (1D) with complex pulse sequences: JMOD, INEPT, DEPT.
Multidimensional spectroscopy. The NMR experiment in two dimensions (2D). Homonuclear experiments: COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY. Heteronuclear experiments: HSQC and HMBC.
Gradients and their applications: DOSY spectroscopy and signal suppression.
Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: dynamic NMR and kinetic processes, conformational analysis of organic molecules, interaction between molecules.
Practical part of interpretation of 1H and 13C-NMR spectra.
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Description of the technique and of the instrumentation. Use of mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.
Ionization sources, mass analyzer and ion detector: principles and applications.
Fragmentation in the main classes of organic substances. Insights in the use of different types of instruments for the study of different classes of molecules.
Mass spectrometry combined with chromatography.
Classroom exercises for the structural determination of unknown molecules through the interpretation of NMR and mass spectra.
Description of the technique and of spectral parameters:
· chemical shift and factors causing the variation of chemical shifts
· coupling constants and signal multiplicity. Origin of splitting.
· NMR applied to hetero-nuclei and their peculiarities in the observation of the NMR spectra
Homo- and hetero nuclear decoupling. Relaxation times. Nuclear effect Overhauser (nOe).
Pulse experiment: the spin echo experiment as an introduction to one-dimensional pulsed sequences.
13C-NMR spectroscopy. One-dimensional experiments (1D) with complex pulse sequences: JMOD, INEPT, DEPT.
Multidimensional spectroscopy. The NMR experiment in two dimensions (2D). Homonuclear experiments: COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY. Heteronuclear experiments: HSQC and HMBC.
Gradients and their applications: DOSY spectroscopy and signal suppression.
Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: dynamic NMR and kinetic processes, conformational analysis of organic molecules, interaction between molecules.
Practical part of interpretation of 1H and 13C-NMR spectra.
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Description of the technique and of the instrumentation. Use of mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.
Ionization sources, mass analyzer and ion detector: principles and applications.
Fragmentation in the main classes of organic substances. Insights in the use of different types of instruments for the study of different classes of molecules.
Mass spectrometry combined with chromatography.
Classroom exercises for the structural determination of unknown molecules through the interpretation of NMR and mass spectra.
Prerequisites for admission
Skills in organic chemistry
Basic skills in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry
Basic skills in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry
Teaching methods
Lectures and practical exercises.
Teaching Resources
- H. Friebolin, Basic One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, VCM.
- M E. Rose,R. A. W. Johnstone, Mass Spectroscopy for Chemists and Biochemists, Cambridge University Press.
The slides used during the course will be made available to students on the ARIEL website, but they represent a trace of study in support of the suggested books.
- M E. Rose,R. A. W. Johnstone, Mass Spectroscopy for Chemists and Biochemists, Cambridge University Press.
The slides used during the course will be made available to students on the ARIEL website, but they represent a trace of study in support of the suggested books.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The assessment is a written test with question about the theory and exercises. The theoretical part includes questions on the topics developed in the course, to assess the student's knowledge on the theoretical aspects of the subject.
In the applicative part, the student has to analyze a set of 1H and 13C NMR spectra (mono and bidimensional) obtained from an unknown compound and /or a known structure. Furthermore, in the practical part, fragmentation peaks in a mass spectrum of simple organic molecules should be analyzed.
The exam will last about two and a half hours.
In the applicative part, the student has to analyze a set of 1H and 13C NMR spectra (mono and bidimensional) obtained from an unknown compound and /or a known structure. Furthermore, in the practical part, fragmentation peaks in a mass spectrum of simple organic molecules should be analyzed.
The exam will last about two and a half hours.
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)