Green Infrastructures and Nature-Based Solutions
A.Y. 2026/2027
Learning objectives
The course aims to introduce the field of green
infrastructures, green space planning and design for the development of sustainable rural areas and cities. The aims of this course are to:
- introduce the concept and principles of green infrastructures and
nature-based solutions;
- introduce green infrastructures and nature-based solutions in
landscape planning as a mechanism for addressing biodiversity, climate change, health, ecosystem services, water management and wider urban greening issues;
- develop methodological and technical skills in green infrastructures
and nature-based solutions planning;
- understand the major regulation and provisioning ecosystem services
provided by urban vegetation, and methods for their quantification;
- understand the consequences that the selection of species has on the
delivery of ecosystem services;
- develop problem solving, presentation and group working skills useful
to face, in multidisciplinary teams, the problems related to green infrastructures and nature-based solutions planning and design.
A key component to this module is a fieldwork where students will have the opportunity to visit and assess existing green infrastructures, including streams and channels, and to apply proposed methodologies, procedures and techniques in a recovery planning and design case study.
infrastructures, green space planning and design for the development of sustainable rural areas and cities. The aims of this course are to:
- introduce the concept and principles of green infrastructures and
nature-based solutions;
- introduce green infrastructures and nature-based solutions in
landscape planning as a mechanism for addressing biodiversity, climate change, health, ecosystem services, water management and wider urban greening issues;
- develop methodological and technical skills in green infrastructures
and nature-based solutions planning;
- understand the major regulation and provisioning ecosystem services
provided by urban vegetation, and methods for their quantification;
- understand the consequences that the selection of species has on the
delivery of ecosystem services;
- develop problem solving, presentation and group working skills useful
to face, in multidisciplinary teams, the problems related to green infrastructures and nature-based solutions planning and design.
A key component to this module is a fieldwork where students will have the opportunity to visit and assess existing green infrastructures, including streams and channels, and to apply proposed methodologies, procedures and techniques in a recovery planning and design case study.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course
students will have an in-depth understanding of the planning mechanisms that govern the development of green infrastructures.
Knowledge and understanding. The students should be able to:
- present and discuss the values, benefits and functions of different
types of green infrastructures;
- explain the process of green infrastructures planning,
Applying knowledge and understanding.
- apply methodologies, procedures and techniques for green
infrastructures and nature-based solutions assessment, planning and design,
- use GIS and CAD technologies to produce map, plan and drawing,
- recognize widely used species at urban sites,
- estimate the delivery of ecosystem services by individual trees,
- apply Landscape Ecology principles to spatial analysis and landscape
design,
- make the correct choice of plant species for nature-based solutions
and green infrastructures.
students will have an in-depth understanding of the planning mechanisms that govern the development of green infrastructures.
Knowledge and understanding. The students should be able to:
- present and discuss the values, benefits and functions of different
types of green infrastructures;
- explain the process of green infrastructures planning,
Applying knowledge and understanding.
- apply methodologies, procedures and techniques for green
infrastructures and nature-based solutions assessment, planning and design,
- use GIS and CAD technologies to produce map, plan and drawing,
- recognize widely used species at urban sites,
- estimate the delivery of ecosystem services by individual trees,
- apply Landscape Ecology principles to spatial analysis and landscape
design,
- make the correct choice of plant species for nature-based solutions
and green infrastructures.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Prerequisites for admission
Basic use of GIS and CAD software
Basic notions of physics and plant physiology
Fundamentals of hydrology and fluid mechanics
Basic notions of physics and plant physiology
Fundamentals of hydrology and fluid mechanics
Assessment methods and Criteria
The course is organised as a laboratory aimed at assessing and planning a green infrastructure network (1), designing selected elements of green infrastructure (2), evaluating the ecosystem services they provide (3).
These activities are developed across the different teaching units of the course.
Individual assignments are given by the lecturers of the different teaching units, both during the semester and for the final examination. They include:
- green Infrastructures planning and design unit: research and presentation of green infrastructure case studies, multiple-choice questions, and survey activities, assigned and assessed during the semester;
- applied botany and woody species in landscape design unit: first impressions of the study area, climate and bioclimate of the study area, flora of the study area;
- stream restoration: flow calculation.
The group work is based on a case study, which changes every year. Students work in groups of 3-4 people and are required to prepare a technical report, analyses, planning documents, and project maps. Reviews of the group work are scheduled during the semester.
The final assessment is based on both individual work and group work, according to the following criteria:
- 60% Individual work, consisting of assignments from each teaching unit.
The grade is composed as follows:
- 13% green Infrastructures planning and design unit
- 34% applied botany and woody species in landscape design unit
- 13% stream restoration unit
- 40% Group work, consisting of the technical report, analyses, planning documents, project maps, presentation, and discussion.
The grade is composed as follows:
- 25% quality of the documents produced;
- 5% quality of the presentation;
- 10% answers to questions during the discussion.
For the group work, the assessment is assigned to the group as a whole. Each student may individually accept or reject the grade. If the grade is rejected, the student may improve the work according to the feedback provided by the lecturers.
Class attendance is strongly recommended, especially for practical exercises, field surveys, and reviews of the practical work.
Non-attending students are required to carry out the practical work individually. For these students, the study area will be chosen in agreement with the lecturers, so that it is easily accessible to the student and sufficiently known, at least in general terms, by the lecturers.
The procedures and deadlines for submitting individual assignments will be communicated by the lecturers during the course. For the final presentation of the group work, students must submit all required materials in PDF format at least three days before the exam. They must also bring printed copies of the materials to the exam, present their work in 30 minutes using a presentation, and answer questions related to it.
Students with SLD or disability certifications are kindly requested to contact the teacher at least 15 days before the date of the exam session to agree on individual exam requirements. In the email please make sure to add in cc the competent offices: [email protected] (for students with SLD) o [email protected] (for students with disability).
These activities are developed across the different teaching units of the course.
Individual assignments are given by the lecturers of the different teaching units, both during the semester and for the final examination. They include:
- green Infrastructures planning and design unit: research and presentation of green infrastructure case studies, multiple-choice questions, and survey activities, assigned and assessed during the semester;
- applied botany and woody species in landscape design unit: first impressions of the study area, climate and bioclimate of the study area, flora of the study area;
- stream restoration: flow calculation.
The group work is based on a case study, which changes every year. Students work in groups of 3-4 people and are required to prepare a technical report, analyses, planning documents, and project maps. Reviews of the group work are scheduled during the semester.
The final assessment is based on both individual work and group work, according to the following criteria:
- 60% Individual work, consisting of assignments from each teaching unit.
The grade is composed as follows:
- 13% green Infrastructures planning and design unit
- 34% applied botany and woody species in landscape design unit
- 13% stream restoration unit
- 40% Group work, consisting of the technical report, analyses, planning documents, project maps, presentation, and discussion.
The grade is composed as follows:
- 25% quality of the documents produced;
- 5% quality of the presentation;
- 10% answers to questions during the discussion.
For the group work, the assessment is assigned to the group as a whole. Each student may individually accept or reject the grade. If the grade is rejected, the student may improve the work according to the feedback provided by the lecturers.
Class attendance is strongly recommended, especially for practical exercises, field surveys, and reviews of the practical work.
Non-attending students are required to carry out the practical work individually. For these students, the study area will be chosen in agreement with the lecturers, so that it is easily accessible to the student and sufficiently known, at least in general terms, by the lecturers.
The procedures and deadlines for submitting individual assignments will be communicated by the lecturers during the course. For the final presentation of the group work, students must submit all required materials in PDF format at least three days before the exam. They must also bring printed copies of the materials to the exam, present their work in 30 minutes using a presentation, and answer questions related to it.
Students with SLD or disability certifications are kindly requested to contact the teacher at least 15 days before the date of the exam session to agree on individual exam requirements. In the email please make sure to add in cc the competent offices: [email protected] (for students with SLD) o [email protected] (for students with disability).
Applied botany and woody species in landscape design
Course syllabus
For applied botany:
Basics of Geobotany, Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Services, for landscape interpretation and study (1,5 CFU)
Criteria for selecting plant species for NBS and green-blue infrastructure (0,5 CFU)
Examples and discussion of NBS and green-blue infrastructure projects, with a focus on plant species (1 CFU)
For woody species:
Theoretical lectures:
Systematics and ecological characteristics of widely used tree species for landscaping and urban greening (0,5 CFU)
Methods and tools for measuring and calculating ecosystems services provided by vegetation: CO2 assimilation and storage (1 CFU)
Air quality amelioration and cooling (0,4 CFU)
Commercial tools for ES measurement (0,1 CFU)
Field work:
tree inventory and calculation of CO2 storage (0,25 CFU)
measurement of canopy and photosynthetic attributes and calculation of CO2 assimilation and cooling (0,5 CFU)
measurement of PM deposition (0,25 CFU)
Basics of Geobotany, Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Services, for landscape interpretation and study (1,5 CFU)
Criteria for selecting plant species for NBS and green-blue infrastructure (0,5 CFU)
Examples and discussion of NBS and green-blue infrastructure projects, with a focus on plant species (1 CFU)
For woody species:
Theoretical lectures:
Systematics and ecological characteristics of widely used tree species for landscaping and urban greening (0,5 CFU)
Methods and tools for measuring and calculating ecosystems services provided by vegetation: CO2 assimilation and storage (1 CFU)
Air quality amelioration and cooling (0,4 CFU)
Commercial tools for ES measurement (0,1 CFU)
Field work:
tree inventory and calculation of CO2 storage (0,25 CFU)
measurement of canopy and photosynthetic attributes and calculation of CO2 assimilation and cooling (0,5 CFU)
measurement of PM deposition (0,25 CFU)
Teaching methods
- theoretical lectures
- surveys in the study area
- technical visits
- revision of the work produced
- field work for the measurement of regulation ecosystem services
- surveys in the study area
- technical visits
- revision of the work produced
- field work for the measurement of regulation ecosystem services
Teaching Resources
Slides used during the lectures
Some study materials provided by the professor
Selected scientific papers available on ariel website
Picard et al., 2012. Manual for building tree volume and biomass allometric equations. CIRAD and FAO.
Books: Nobel, P.S., Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology, Elsevier
The material is the same for students who attend the classes and for students not attending.
Some study materials provided by the professor
Selected scientific papers available on ariel website
Picard et al., 2012. Manual for building tree volume and biomass allometric equations. CIRAD and FAO.
Books: Nobel, P.S., Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology, Elsevier
The material is the same for students who attend the classes and for students not attending.
Green infrastructures planning and design
Course syllabus
- The concept and principles of green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (1 CFU)
Individual work: green infrastructure classification scheme; presentation and discussion of a significant example of green infrastructure.
- Principles of landscape planning: methods and tools (0.5 CFU)
Individual work: multiple-choice questions.
- Assessment of territorial resources for the development of a green infrastructure network (0.5 CFU)
Group work: GIS desk-based work for the assessment and preliminary planning of the green infrastructure network in the case-study area.
- Assessment of users' needs (0.5 CFU)
Group work: direct surveys and online questionnaire.
- Nature-based solutions for landscape and green infrastructure design (0.5 CFU)
Group work: direct surveys and development of a planning proposal.
- Technical elements of green infrastructure design (1 CFU)
Group work: design of technical solutions in collaboration with the other teaching units.
Individual work: green infrastructure classification scheme; presentation and discussion of a significant example of green infrastructure.
- Principles of landscape planning: methods and tools (0.5 CFU)
Individual work: multiple-choice questions.
- Assessment of territorial resources for the development of a green infrastructure network (0.5 CFU)
Group work: GIS desk-based work for the assessment and preliminary planning of the green infrastructure network in the case-study area.
- Assessment of users' needs (0.5 CFU)
Group work: direct surveys and online questionnaire.
- Nature-based solutions for landscape and green infrastructure design (0.5 CFU)
Group work: direct surveys and development of a planning proposal.
- Technical elements of green infrastructure design (1 CFU)
Group work: design of technical solutions in collaboration with the other teaching units.
Teaching methods
Activities include:
- theoretical lectures;
- field surveys in the study area;
- technical visits to existing green infrastructure sites;
- classroom practical exercises;
- in-class reviews of practical work.
- theoretical lectures;
- field surveys in the study area;
- technical visits to existing green infrastructure sites;
- classroom practical exercises;
- in-class reviews of practical work.
Teaching Resources
The teaching material is available on the course website: (ariel.ctu.unimi.it - Green infrastructures and nature-based solutions):
- slides used during the lessons
- pdf files
- cartographic maps and cards for the survey
Reference books:
Benedict M.A., McMahon E.T., Green Infrastructures. Linking Landscapes and Communities. Island Press, 2006
Sinnett D., Smith N., Burgess S., Handbook on Green Infrastructure: Planning, Design and Implementation. Edward Elgar Pub, 2015
Dover J.w., Green Infrastructure: Incorporating Plants and Enhancing Biodiversity in Buildings and Urban Environments. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015
The material is the same for students who attend the classes and for students not attending.
- slides used during the lessons
- pdf files
- cartographic maps and cards for the survey
Reference books:
Benedict M.A., McMahon E.T., Green Infrastructures. Linking Landscapes and Communities. Island Press, 2006
Sinnett D., Smith N., Burgess S., Handbook on Green Infrastructure: Planning, Design and Implementation. Edward Elgar Pub, 2015
Dover J.w., Green Infrastructure: Incorporating Plants and Enhancing Biodiversity in Buildings and Urban Environments. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015
The material is the same for students who attend the classes and for students not attending.
Stream restoration
Course syllabus
- Introduction to Stream Restoration 0,1 CFU
- Fundamentals of fluvial processes 0,25 CFU
- Hydrology elaboration for stream restoration design 0,50 CFU
- Hydraulics of natural and restored watercourses 0,50 CFU
- Geomorphologic processes and bank stability 0,50 CFU
- Principles of stream restoration design 0,50 CFU
- Stream Restoration techniques 0,4 CFU
- Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems 0,25 CFU
- Stream restoration design 1,0 CFU
- Fundamentals of fluvial processes 0,25 CFU
- Hydrology elaboration for stream restoration design 0,50 CFU
- Hydraulics of natural and restored watercourses 0,50 CFU
- Geomorphologic processes and bank stability 0,50 CFU
- Principles of stream restoration design 0,50 CFU
- Stream Restoration techniques 0,4 CFU
- Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems 0,25 CFU
- Stream restoration design 1,0 CFU
Teaching methods
Activities include:
- lectures
- exercises
- analyses of seminal papers in the field of stream restoration
- seminars
- surveys in the study area
- technical visits
- lectures
- exercises
- analyses of seminal papers in the field of stream restoration
- seminars
- surveys in the study area
- technical visits
Teaching Resources
FISRWG (10/1998). Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. By the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG)(15 Federal agencies of the US gov't). GPO Item No. 0120-A; SuDocs No. A 57.6/2:EN3/PT.653. ISBN-0-934213-59-3 (https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/viewerFS.aspx?hid=34826).
Doll B., Grabow G., Hall K., Halley J., Harman W., Jennings G., Wise D. - A natural channel design handbook, NC State University (https://semspub.epa.gov/work/01/554360.pdf)
Scientific Journal papers provided during the course
Doll B., Grabow G., Hall K., Halley J., Harman W., Jennings G., Wise D. - A natural channel design handbook, NC State University (https://semspub.epa.gov/work/01/554360.pdf)
Scientific Journal papers provided during the course
Modules or teaching units
Applied botany and woody species in landscape design
AGRI-03/A - Arboriculture and Fruitculture - University credits: 3
BIOS-01/C - Environmental and Applied Botany - University credits: 3
BIOS-01/C - Environmental and Applied Botany - University credits: 3
Field activity: 16 hours
Exercises: 16 hours
Lessons: 32 hours
Exercises: 16 hours
Lessons: 32 hours
Professors:
Fini Alessio, Vagge Ilda
Shifts:
Green infrastructures planning and design
AGRI-04/C - Rural Buildings and Agro-Forest Land Planning - University credits: 5
Field activity: 8 hours
Lessons: 36 hours
Lessons: 36 hours
Professor:
Fumagalli Natalia
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Fumagalli Natalia
Stream restoration
AGRI-04/A - Agricultural Hydraulics and Watershed Protection - University credits: 4
Exercises: 16 hours
Lessons: 24 hours
Lessons: 24 hours
Professor:
Bischetti Gian Battista
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Bischetti Gian BattistaProfessor(s)
Reception:
please request an appointment by e-mail
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali
Reception:
By appointment
Teacher's office, via celoria 2, building 10, 1st floor
Reception:
by appointment
Agricultural Engineering (Building n. 21100)