Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine

Integrated Educational Objectives (i.e., Common Core)
The trainee must have acquired skills in medical statistics, hygiene, forensic medicine, occupational medicine, epidemiology, business organization, demography, work and organizational psychology, and labor law.
The common training objective for the disciplines in the class is aimed at acquiring knowledge of the classification and characterization of different population groups, their general and work-related organization, and lifestyles, taking into account the increasingly important psychological implications.
This is all aimed at performing adequate statistical assessments, analyzing hygiene, forensic, work-related, and risk issues, determining suitability, assessing pathologies and disabilities, and applying all preventive criteria as required by current and evolving legislation.

Basic Educational Objectives
Acquisition of knowledge of statistical methodology, epidemiology, psychology, sociology, economics, history of medicine, genetics, microbiology, clinical pathology, applied medical technologies, law, physics, and chemistry of the environment and of life and work; Acquiring the ability to use statistics, information systems, communication systems, and regulations in the field of health prevention; using basic knowledge and epidemiological methodology for the surveillance and control of chemical-physical, environmental, and microbiological risks, genetic, chronic-degenerative infectious diseases, and accidents in living and working environments, and their impact on the quality of life and health of the community; planning, managing, and evaluating prevention and training interventions, including from a managerial and health economic perspective.

Educational objectives of the School typology
- plan, conduct, and evaluate descriptive, ecological, cross-sectional, analytical, experimental, and intervention studies;
- discuss the risk profile of the population and groups at particular exposure;
- describe and interpret the preventable fraction of the main environmental, occupational, social, and behavioral risk factors for each health problem;
- describe and use prevention and promotion models for the individual, the community, and the physical and social environment;
- recognize and use the principles of environmental risk communication;
- plan, organize, and evaluate interventions aimed at protecting health and preventing infectious, behavioral, occupational, and environmental risks;
- organize the health protection of the most at-risk members of the population (with particular attention to the elderly, minors, disadvantaged social classes, migrants, and travelers);
- plan, organize, and evaluate secondary prevention interventions (screening programs);
- plan, organize, and evaluate tertiary prevention interventions;
- plan, organize, and evaluate community interventions related to the implementation of primary care and its integration with secondary care;
- contribute to the development of interdisciplinary and intersectoral health plans;
- plan, organize, and evaluate surveillance, inspection, and control interventions for food and beverages during production, transportation, handling, marketing, administration, and use.
- apply the principles of proper nutrition at the family and community level;
- plan, implement, and evaluate nutrition education interventions;
- organize and manage information systems for health purposes;
- use epidemiological methodology and economic analysis as planning tools.
- use evidence-based medicine (EBM), evidence-based healthcare (EBHC), and evidence-based prevention (EBP) techniques;
- describe, interpret, and utilize health system models and related control, management, financing, and management mechanisms, and evaluate their appropriateness, effectiveness, and equity;
- use and implement cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analysis models, and the principles of health economics;
- plan, organize, and evaluate services and their quality in the community and in hospitals;
- design, implement, and evaluate public health interventions during emergencies;
- design, implement, and evaluate continuing education on public health methods and content;
- recognize the legal role of public health professionals in the current national and regional healthcare landscape;
- recognize issues related to the perception of illness and health in other cultures;
- describe the main lifestyle changes linked to new social and intercultural phenomena, using the tools of medical and cultural anthropology;
- be able to introduce bioethical criteria into the doctor-patient and service-community relationship in primary care and prevention activities, with particular attention to prioritizing

Similar or complementary objectives are:
Acquisition of the ability to interact with specialists from other subject areas of the program, as well as with graduates and specialists from other healthcare subject areas, in the fields of epidemiological analysis, service organization, evaluation of healthcare interventions, and management of healthcare emergencies.

Mandatory professional development activities to achieve the educational objectives of the program include:
- having collaborated on at least two current health statistics analyses, and having independently designed and implemented at least one;
- having participated in the design and implementation of at least two epidemiological surveys, and having independently designed and implemented at least one;
- having collaborated on organizational analyses of healthcare facilities, and in particular: at least one resource needs assessment; at least two assessments of the appropriateness of procedures (diagnostic-therapeutic), care pathways or regimens, and the quality of care;
- having collaborated on at least one integrated care pathway evaluation and review project (primary care, community care, hospital);
- having collaborated on at least one human resources performance evaluation;
- having collaborated on at least one performance evaluation of a healthcare organization or part thereof;
- having collaborated on the preparation and evaluation of at least three of the following: health information or education interventions, vaccination campaigns, surveillance surveys of indoor/outdoor environmental risks in communities and/or at-risk groups, hygiene and sanitation adequacy of production procedures and/or service provision, and community prevention interventions;
- having collaborated on at least one screening program;
- having collaborated on at least one occupational risk assessment and management and health surveillance program;
- having conducted at least one feasibility study for solving community health problems and one feasibility study for solving organizational problems within an institution;
- having collaborated on at least one evaluation of healthcare technologies in terms of reliability, safety, cost-benefit ratios, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, ethical and legal aspects;
- having collaborated in the development and evaluation of at least two quality improvement programs and having independently designed and implemented at least one;
- having completed at least one quality of care evaluation intervention using certification and/or accreditation methods.
- having participated in the critical review of the scientific literature, with at least one systematic review and meta-analysis, regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment interventions, in light of evidence-based medicine (EBM), evidence-based healthcare (EBHC), evidence-based prevention (EBP), and evidence-based public health, and having collaborated in the implementation of the principles of effectiveness, appropriateness, and efficiency in public health decision-making;
- having collaborated in the design, implementation, and evaluation of at least one clinical risk management and patient safety program, including the prevention and control of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMR);
- having collaborated in the completion of at least one Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and one Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA);
- have participated in at least one epidemiological nutritional surveillance survey in communities and/or at-risk groups and in at least one nutritional risk assessment and categorization;
- have collaborated in the design and implementation of at least one basic or continuing training program for healthcare professionals;
- have collaborated in at least one public communication project, directly or through the media, regarding health issues or emergencies;
- have collaborated in the organization of emergency health interventions (real or simulated);
- have participated in scientific research with the publication of at least one article in indexed journals and/or a communication or poster at at least one national/international conference per year;
- have applied qualitative research methodology (real or simulated);
- have participated in Health Impact Assessment activities (real or simulated);
- having attended, for a period of time to be established by the School Council, health directorates (ASL, Hospital, Presidio), health districts, prevention departments, health agencies and environmental agencies, participating in all related activities;
- have attended, for a period to be determined by the School Council, especially facilities where biological occupational risks are prevalent, participating in health prevention and protection activities conducted by the local physician and safety officer.
The trainee may apply for the diploma after completing the professional development activities.
The trainee, as part of the training program, must learn the scientific foundations of the School's structure in order to achieve full maturity and professional competence. This includes adequate ability to interpret scientific innovations and a critical understanding that allows them to consciously manage both care and their own development. This may include participation in meetings, conferences, the production of scientific publications, and periods of attendance at qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for their training.