Structure of Matter 1
A.Y. 2018/2019
Learning objectives
Objectives:
1. Capture the basics of the radiation-matter interaction in the electric
dipole approximation (selection rules for atomic transitions). Distinguish
and understand emission and absorption experiments.
2. A working knowledge and understanding of the 1-electron atom/ions
spectroscopy: line series, relativistic effects, dependence on the nuclear
charge Z, atomic angular momentum, interaction with a static magnetic
field, associated typical time- and energy-scales.
3. Basic understanding of the spectroscopy of the many-electron atoms/ions.
Appreciate the nature of the core and optical transitions, particularly in
alkali atoms. Appreciate the difficulties relative to incomplete atomic
shells, and become capable to evaluate the basic properties of the atomic
ground state.
4. A clear picture of the adiabatic separation between the nuclear and the
electronic motions.
5. Understand the different origins of the molecular bond.
6. Distinguish and interpret the spectra of the diatomic molecules.
7. A deep understanding of the microscopic significance of temperature
(canonical ensemble). Interpret correctly the Boltzmann statistics of
simple ideal systems (diatomic molecular gases, spin systems).
8. Understand the free-fermion model for the electrons in matter: Pauli
principle, Fermi energy, phenomenology of electrons in metals (heat
capacity and magnetic susceptibility).
9. Command a working interpretation of the radiation spectra emitted by hot
objects in terms of photon statistics. Discuss the spectroscopy experiments
in terms of spontaneous/stimulated emission and absorption rates.
10. Get acquainted with a few typical structures of crystalline solids,
understand the basic principles guiding their formation in several common
materials.
11. Understand the concept of electronic bands in crystalline solids, their
relevance for the transport and spectroscopic properties of metals and
semiconductors.
12. Understand the nature of vibrations in solids, and their relevance for
the thermal properties of materials.
1. Capture the basics of the radiation-matter interaction in the electric
dipole approximation (selection rules for atomic transitions). Distinguish
and understand emission and absorption experiments.
2. A working knowledge and understanding of the 1-electron atom/ions
spectroscopy: line series, relativistic effects, dependence on the nuclear
charge Z, atomic angular momentum, interaction with a static magnetic
field, associated typical time- and energy-scales.
3. Basic understanding of the spectroscopy of the many-electron atoms/ions.
Appreciate the nature of the core and optical transitions, particularly in
alkali atoms. Appreciate the difficulties relative to incomplete atomic
shells, and become capable to evaluate the basic properties of the atomic
ground state.
4. A clear picture of the adiabatic separation between the nuclear and the
electronic motions.
5. Understand the different origins of the molecular bond.
6. Distinguish and interpret the spectra of the diatomic molecules.
7. A deep understanding of the microscopic significance of temperature
(canonical ensemble). Interpret correctly the Boltzmann statistics of
simple ideal systems (diatomic molecular gases, spin systems).
8. Understand the free-fermion model for the electrons in matter: Pauli
principle, Fermi energy, phenomenology of electrons in metals (heat
capacity and magnetic susceptibility).
9. Command a working interpretation of the radiation spectra emitted by hot
objects in terms of photon statistics. Discuss the spectroscopy experiments
in terms of spontaneous/stimulated emission and absorption rates.
10. Get acquainted with a few typical structures of crystalline solids,
understand the basic principles guiding their formation in several common
materials.
11. Understand the concept of electronic bands in crystalline solids, their
relevance for the transport and spectroscopic properties of metals and
semiconductors.
12. Understand the nature of vibrations in solids, and their relevance for
the thermal properties of materials.
Expected learning outcomes
Undefined
Lesson period: Activity scheduled over several sessions (see Course syllabus and organization section for more detailed information).
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
CORSO A
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
Pagina web del corso
https://sites.google.com/site/strutturadellamateriacorsoa/
Introductory Concepts:
Basic Ingredients and Typical Scales. Spectra and Broadening.
ATOMS
One-Electron Atom/Ions: The Energy Spectrum;
The Angular and Radial Wavefunctions;
Orbital Angular Momentum and Magnetic Dipole Moment;
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment;
Electron Spin and Fine Structure;
Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Structure;
Electronic Transitions, Selection Rules;
Spectra in a Magnetic Field.
Many-Electron Atoms: Identical Particles;
The Independent-Particles Approximation;
The 2-Electron Atom; The Hartree-Fock Method;
Electronic Structure Across the Periodic Table;
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy;
Core Levels and Spectra; Optical Spectra;
Electric-dipole Selection Rules.
MOLECULES
The Adiabatic Separation.
Chemical and Non-chemical Bonding:
The Molecular Ion H2+; Covalent and Ionic Bonding;
Weak Non-chemical Bonds; Classification of Bonding.
Intramolecular Dynamics and Spectra:
Rotational and Rovibrational Spectra;
Electronic Excitations; Zero-Point Effects.
STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Introductory Concepts:
Probability and Statistics;
Quantum Statistics and the Density Operator.
Equilibrium Ensembles:
Connection to Thermodynamics;
Entropy and the Second Principle.
Ideal Systems:
The High-Temperature Limit;
Low-Temperature Fermi and Bose Gases;
Interaction Matter-Radiation, the Laser
SOLIDS
The Microscopic Structure of Solids:
Lattices and Crystal Structures;
The Reciprocal Lattice and Diffraction Experiments.
Electrons in Crystals: Bloch's Theorem and
Models of Bands in Crystals;
Filling of the Bands: Metals and Insulators;
Spectra of Electrons in Solids.
The Vibrations of Crystals:
The Normal Modes of Vibration;
Thermal Properties of Phonons in the Debye Model;
Other Phonon Effects.
https://sites.google.com/site/strutturadellamateriacorsoa/
Introductory Concepts:
Basic Ingredients and Typical Scales. Spectra and Broadening.
ATOMS
One-Electron Atom/Ions: The Energy Spectrum;
The Angular and Radial Wavefunctions;
Orbital Angular Momentum and Magnetic Dipole Moment;
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment;
Electron Spin and Fine Structure;
Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Structure;
Electronic Transitions, Selection Rules;
Spectra in a Magnetic Field.
Many-Electron Atoms: Identical Particles;
The Independent-Particles Approximation;
The 2-Electron Atom; The Hartree-Fock Method;
Electronic Structure Across the Periodic Table;
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy;
Core Levels and Spectra; Optical Spectra;
Electric-dipole Selection Rules.
MOLECULES
The Adiabatic Separation.
Chemical and Non-chemical Bonding:
The Molecular Ion H2+; Covalent and Ionic Bonding;
Weak Non-chemical Bonds; Classification of Bonding.
Intramolecular Dynamics and Spectra:
Rotational and Rovibrational Spectra;
Electronic Excitations; Zero-Point Effects.
STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Introductory Concepts:
Probability and Statistics;
Quantum Statistics and the Density Operator.
Equilibrium Ensembles:
Connection to Thermodynamics;
Entropy and the Second Principle.
Ideal Systems:
The High-Temperature Limit;
Low-Temperature Fermi and Bose Gases;
Interaction Matter-Radiation, the Laser
SOLIDS
The Microscopic Structure of Solids:
Lattices and Crystal Structures;
The Reciprocal Lattice and Diffraction Experiments.
Electrons in Crystals: Bloch's Theorem and
Models of Bands in Crystals;
Filling of the Bands: Metals and Insulators;
Spectra of Electrons in Solids.
The Vibrations of Crystals:
The Normal Modes of Vibration;
Thermal Properties of Phonons in the Debye Model;
Other Phonon Effects.
FIS/03 - PHYSICS OF MATTER - University credits: 9
Practicals: 40 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Professors:
Guerra Roberto, Onida Giovanni
CORSO B
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
Introductory Concepts:
Basic Ingredients and Typical Scales. Spectra and Broadening.
ATOMS
One-Electron Atom/Ions: The Energy Spectrum;
The Angular and Radial Wavefunctions;
Orbital Angular Momentum and Magnetic Dipole Moment;
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment;
Electron Spin and Fine Structure;
Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Structure;
Electronic Transitions, Selection Rules;
Spectra in a Magnetic Field.
Many-Electron Atoms: Identical Particles;
The Independent-Particles Approximation;
The 2-Electron Atom; The Hartree-Fock Method;
Electronic Structure Across the Periodic Table;
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy;
Core Levels and Spectra; Optical Spectra;
Electric-dipole Selection Rules.
MOLECULES
The Adiabatic Separation.
Chemical and Non-chemical Bonding:
The Molecular Ion H2+; Covalent and Ionic Bonding;
Weak Non-chemical Bonds; Classification of Bonding.
Intramolecular Dynamics and Spectra:
Rotational and Rovibrational Spectra;
Electronic Excitations; Zero-Point Effects.
STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Introductory Concepts:
Probability and Statistics;
Quantum Statistics and the Density Operator.
Equilibrium Ensembles:
Connection to Thermodynamics;
Entropy and the Second Principle.
Ideal Systems:
The High-Temperature Limit;
Low-Temperature Fermi and Bose Gases;
Interaction Matter-Radiation, the Laser
SOLIDS
The Microscopic Structure of Solids:
Lattices and Crystal Structures;
The Reciprocal Lattice and Diffraction Experiments.
Electrons in Crystals: Bloch's Theorem and
Models of Bands in Crystals;
Filling of the Bands: Metals and Insulators;
Spectra of Electrons in Solids.
The Vibrations of Crystals:
The Normal Modes of Vibration;
Thermal Properties of Phonons in the Debye Model;
Other Phonon Effects.
Basic Ingredients and Typical Scales. Spectra and Broadening.
ATOMS
One-Electron Atom/Ions: The Energy Spectrum;
The Angular and Radial Wavefunctions;
Orbital Angular Momentum and Magnetic Dipole Moment;
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment;
Electron Spin and Fine Structure;
Nuclear Spin and Hyperfine Structure;
Electronic Transitions, Selection Rules;
Spectra in a Magnetic Field.
Many-Electron Atoms: Identical Particles;
The Independent-Particles Approximation;
The 2-Electron Atom; The Hartree-Fock Method;
Electronic Structure Across the Periodic Table;
Fundamentals of Spectroscopy;
Core Levels and Spectra; Optical Spectra;
Electric-dipole Selection Rules.
MOLECULES
The Adiabatic Separation.
Chemical and Non-chemical Bonding:
The Molecular Ion H2+; Covalent and Ionic Bonding;
Weak Non-chemical Bonds; Classification of Bonding.
Intramolecular Dynamics and Spectra:
Rotational and Rovibrational Spectra;
Electronic Excitations; Zero-Point Effects.
STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Introductory Concepts:
Probability and Statistics;
Quantum Statistics and the Density Operator.
Equilibrium Ensembles:
Connection to Thermodynamics;
Entropy and the Second Principle.
Ideal Systems:
The High-Temperature Limit;
Low-Temperature Fermi and Bose Gases;
Interaction Matter-Radiation, the Laser
SOLIDS
The Microscopic Structure of Solids:
Lattices and Crystal Structures;
The Reciprocal Lattice and Diffraction Experiments.
Electrons in Crystals: Bloch's Theorem and
Models of Bands in Crystals;
Filling of the Bands: Metals and Insulators;
Spectra of Electrons in Solids.
The Vibrations of Crystals:
The Normal Modes of Vibration;
Thermal Properties of Phonons in the Debye Model;
Other Phonon Effects.
FIS/03 - PHYSICS OF MATTER - University credits: 9
Practicals: 40 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Lessons: 40 hours
Professors:
Di Vece Marcel, Manini Nicola
Professor(s)
Reception:
Tuesdays 2pm - 5pm
office, Via Celoria 16, LITA building, room A/T/C11
Reception:
Wednesday afternoon, better by e-mail appointment
Via Celoria 16, LITA Building, ground floor (Latitude 45.47606 N Longitude 9.23026 E)