Structure of Matter 1

The purpose of the course is covering the basic microscopic and spectroscopic properties of matter, in its atomic, molecular and crystalline states.

At the end of the course, the student is expected to master the following competences and skills:

1. The basics of the radiation-matter interaction in the electric dipole approximation (selection rules for atomic transitions). Distinguish and understand emission and absorption experiments.
2. A working knowledge and understanding of the 1-electron atom/ions spectroscopy: line series, relativistic effects, dependence on the nuclear charge Z, atomic angular momentum, interaction with a static magnetic field, associated typical time- and energy-scales.
3. Basic understanding of the spectroscopy of the many-electron atoms/ions. Appreciate the nature of the core and optical transitions, particularly in alkali atoms. Appreciate the difficulties relative to incomplete atomic shells, and become capable to evaluate the basic properties of the atomic ground state.
4. A clear picture of the adiabatic separation between the nuclear and the electronic motions.
5. Understand the different origins of the molecular bond.
6. Distinguish and interpret the spectra of the diatomic molecules.
7. A deep understanding of the microscopic significance of temperature (canonical ensemble). Interpret correctly the Boltzmann statistics of simple ideal systems (diatomic molecular gases, spin systems.
8. Understand the free-fermion model for the electrons in matter: Pauli principle, Fermi energy, phenomenology of electrons in metals (heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility).
9. Command a working interpretation of the radiation spectra emitted by hot objects in terms of photon statistics. Discuss the spectroscopy experiments in terms of spontaneous/stimulated emission and absorption rates.
10. Get acquainted with a few typical structures of crystalline solids, understand the basic principles guiding their formation in several common materials.
11. Understand the concept of electronic bands in crystalline solids, their relevance for the transport and spectroscopic properties of metals and semiconductors.