Laboratory Medicine
A.Y. 2020/2021
Learning objectives
The course aims to provide students with the knowledge on:
i) role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health protection;
ii) ability to correctly propose the different laboratory tests in relation to the cost / benefit ratio;
iii) criteria for interpretation of laboratory reports.
i) role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health protection;
ii) ability to correctly propose the different laboratory tests in relation to the cost / benefit ratio;
iii) criteria for interpretation of laboratory reports.
Expected learning outcomes
The students:
i) know the intervention levels of the biochemistry, microbiology and clinical pathology laboratory;
ii) are able to request laboratory tests and interpret the reports.
i) know the intervention levels of the biochemistry, microbiology and clinical pathology laboratory;
ii) are able to request laboratory tests and interpret the reports.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
In the first semester the lectures will take place as concurrent classroms:
·in the classroom with a limited number of students, who have previously booked using the "lezioniUnimi" app with the unimi e-mail account username and password; (https://www.unimi.it/it/studiare/frequentare-un-corso-di-laurea/seguire-il-percorso-di-studi/orari-delle-lezioni) and at the same time through the "Teams platform" for online students ;
· The student must wear a surgical mask for the entire duration of his/her stay in the classroom and to sit using every other free seat
· the lectures will be recorded and made available on the teacher's Ariel website for students with proven difficulties to connect during classes
· the lectures will take place at the San Paolo Hospital on the 3rd floor of Blocco C. Students must access classrooms via Blocco C and exit via the side blocks (students leaving Pauling and Fleming rooms towards Blocco B and students leaving Curie, Golgi and Pasteur rooms towards Blocco A).
Students must enter from the main hall (R floor) of the San Paolo hospital and undergo body temperature measurement by the infrared cameras. It is strongly recommended to use the stairs for classrooms entering and/or leaving.
NB for any further information check the unimi.it website: (Home Studiare Frequentare un corso di laurea Seguire il percorso di studi Orari delle lezioni)
·in the classroom with a limited number of students, who have previously booked using the "lezioniUnimi" app with the unimi e-mail account username and password; (https://www.unimi.it/it/studiare/frequentare-un-corso-di-laurea/seguire-il-percorso-di-studi/orari-delle-lezioni) and at the same time through the "Teams platform" for online students ;
· The student must wear a surgical mask for the entire duration of his/her stay in the classroom and to sit using every other free seat
· the lectures will be recorded and made available on the teacher's Ariel website for students with proven difficulties to connect during classes
· the lectures will take place at the San Paolo Hospital on the 3rd floor of Blocco C. Students must access classrooms via Blocco C and exit via the side blocks (students leaving Pauling and Fleming rooms towards Blocco B and students leaving Curie, Golgi and Pasteur rooms towards Blocco A).
Students must enter from the main hall (R floor) of the San Paolo hospital and undergo body temperature measurement by the infrared cameras. It is strongly recommended to use the stairs for classrooms entering and/or leaving.
NB for any further information check the unimi.it website: (Home Studiare Frequentare un corso di laurea Seguire il percorso di studi Orari delle lezioni)
Prerequisites for admission
No prior knowledge is required
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists in a written test with open questions on the topics covered by the program according to each disciplinary module.
Passing the test will result in a mark expressed in thirtieths as the result of the weighted average of the scores given for each module. No intermediate tests are planned.
Passing the test will result in a mark expressed in thirtieths as the result of the weighted average of the scores given for each module. No intermediate tests are planned.
Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology
Course syllabus
THE RATIONALE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health
Levels of laboratory intervention in relation to the cost / benefit ratio
Organizational, technical and economic aspects of a centralized laboratory
Variability of a diagnostic test.
Preanalytical phase
· Rules for patient preparation: methods of requesting examination, sampling and access to diagnostic services. Time for availability of results.
Analytical phase
· Principles on which the common analytical techniques, used in clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, clinical microbiology, are based.
· Assumptions on which the validity of the laboratory data is based
Post-analytical phase
· Criteria for the interpretation of the laboratory test result, relating it to the patient's clinical history and placing it in the reality of the community
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Definition and purpose
· Rationale for laboratory testing.
· Laboratory intervention level and cost / benefit ratio
· Indication to the laboratory examination and type of examinations
· Concept of analytical profile
· Examination of organ or apparatus functionality
· Monitoring of illness and treatment
Laboratory organization
· Centralized laboratory, satellite laboratories
· Flows of a centralized laboratory
Variability
· intra and extra-individual biological
· analytical:
preanalytic
· request procedure
· patient preparation
· collection, treatment and conservation of the biological sample
analytic
· analytical accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity
· notes on quality control
· laboratory errors
post-analytic
· reporting
Data interpretation
· reference values
· decision-making levels and critical values
· principles of diagnostic logic
· concept of critical difference
Laboratory techniques
· Current analytical technologies: indications and fundamentals
Diagnostic examinations for illustrative purposes
· Interpretation of the complete examination of urine in terms of diagnostic use
· Interpretation of the results of the main diagnostic investigations in cardiovascular pathology
· Interpretation of biochemical-clinical alterations in dyslipidemia states
· Interpretation and significance of tumor markers
· Interpretation of haematological profile alterations in anemias due to cellular maturation defect
· Interpretation of biochemical-clinical alterations in renal diseases
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis and surveillance of diabetes
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of liver diseases
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of jaundice
Role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health
Levels of laboratory intervention in relation to the cost / benefit ratio
Organizational, technical and economic aspects of a centralized laboratory
Variability of a diagnostic test.
Preanalytical phase
· Rules for patient preparation: methods of requesting examination, sampling and access to diagnostic services. Time for availability of results.
Analytical phase
· Principles on which the common analytical techniques, used in clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, clinical microbiology, are based.
· Assumptions on which the validity of the laboratory data is based
Post-analytical phase
· Criteria for the interpretation of the laboratory test result, relating it to the patient's clinical history and placing it in the reality of the community
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Definition and purpose
· Rationale for laboratory testing.
· Laboratory intervention level and cost / benefit ratio
· Indication to the laboratory examination and type of examinations
· Concept of analytical profile
· Examination of organ or apparatus functionality
· Monitoring of illness and treatment
Laboratory organization
· Centralized laboratory, satellite laboratories
· Flows of a centralized laboratory
Variability
· intra and extra-individual biological
· analytical:
preanalytic
· request procedure
· patient preparation
· collection, treatment and conservation of the biological sample
analytic
· analytical accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity
· notes on quality control
· laboratory errors
post-analytic
· reporting
Data interpretation
· reference values
· decision-making levels and critical values
· principles of diagnostic logic
· concept of critical difference
Laboratory techniques
· Current analytical technologies: indications and fundamentals
Diagnostic examinations for illustrative purposes
· Interpretation of the complete examination of urine in terms of diagnostic use
· Interpretation of the results of the main diagnostic investigations in cardiovascular pathology
· Interpretation of biochemical-clinical alterations in dyslipidemia states
· Interpretation and significance of tumor markers
· Interpretation of haematological profile alterations in anemias due to cellular maturation defect
· Interpretation of biochemical-clinical alterations in renal diseases
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis and surveillance of diabetes
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of liver diseases
· Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of jaundice
Teaching methods
The program will be carried out through lectures (5 CFU) with the help of teaching material (slides and / or videos), including discussion of clinical cases) and professional skills (1 CFU in the laboratory and on simulator dummy)
Teaching Resources
Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology
· Ciaccio M, Lippi G, Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, Edises, Napoli 2017
· Panteghini M, Interpretazione degli Esami di Laboratorio. Piccin Nuova Libraria, Torino 2008
· Janson,Tischeler, Curatore: M. Plebani, Biochimica clinica. Il quadro d'insieme. Piccin, Nuova Libraria, Torino 2015
· Laposata M, Medicina di laboratorio - La diagnosi della malattia nel laboratorio clinico, Piccin, Torino
· Ciaccio M, Lippi G, Biochimica Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio, Edises, Napoli 2017
· Panteghini M, Interpretazione degli Esami di Laboratorio. Piccin Nuova Libraria, Torino 2008
· Janson,Tischeler, Curatore: M. Plebani, Biochimica clinica. Il quadro d'insieme. Piccin, Nuova Libraria, Torino 2015
· Laposata M, Medicina di laboratorio - La diagnosi della malattia nel laboratorio clinico, Piccin, Torino
Microbiology and clinical microbiology
Course syllabus
THE RATIONALE OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health
Levels of laboratory intervention in relation to the cost / benefit ratio
Organizational, technical and economic aspects of a centralized laboratory
Variability of a diagnostic test.
Preanalytical phase
· Rules for patient preparation: methods of requesting examination, sampling and access to diagnostic services. Time for availability of results.
Analytical phase
· Principles on which the common analytical techniques, used in clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, clinical microbiology, are based.
· Assumptions on which the validity of the laboratory data is based
Post-analytical phase
· Criteria for the interpretation of the laboratory test result, relating it to the patient's clinical history and placing it in the reality of the community
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Diagnosis of infection
· Direct and indirect diagnosis of infection
· The diagnostic suspicion for the request of the microbiological investigation
· How the characteristics of infectious agents influence a correct processing of microbiological samples
· Knowledge of the main methods of direct and indirect microbiological investigations
· Timing of reporting
· Interpretation of the microbiological report in relation to the infection phase (recent, previous or chronic for serological investigations) and therapeutic orientation (sensitivity tests to antimicrobial drugs)
Diagnostic investigations, direct and indirect, and interpretation of the report for:
· Viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV, HAV, HEV, HDV)
· HIV and related opportunistic infections
· Blood cultures for bacterial and fungal systemic or disseminated infections
· Meningitis
· Sexually transmitted infections
· Infections of the respiratory and genitourinary system
Infection control
· Concept of nosocomial infections, related to health and community care
· Main nosocomial infectious agents and related problems
· TORCH complex and preventive methodologies
Professional skills
· Blood sampling (tests on dummy and peripheral vein)
· Diagnostic procedure for urinary and blood infections
· Discussion on the interpretation of the results of routine serological investigations during pregnancy
Role, purpose, potential, limits of laboratory medicine in health
Levels of laboratory intervention in relation to the cost / benefit ratio
Organizational, technical and economic aspects of a centralized laboratory
Variability of a diagnostic test.
Preanalytical phase
· Rules for patient preparation: methods of requesting examination, sampling and access to diagnostic services. Time for availability of results.
Analytical phase
· Principles on which the common analytical techniques, used in clinical biochemistry, clinical pathology, clinical microbiology, are based.
· Assumptions on which the validity of the laboratory data is based
Post-analytical phase
· Criteria for the interpretation of the laboratory test result, relating it to the patient's clinical history and placing it in the reality of the community
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Diagnosis of infection
· Direct and indirect diagnosis of infection
· The diagnostic suspicion for the request of the microbiological investigation
· How the characteristics of infectious agents influence a correct processing of microbiological samples
· Knowledge of the main methods of direct and indirect microbiological investigations
· Timing of reporting
· Interpretation of the microbiological report in relation to the infection phase (recent, previous or chronic for serological investigations) and therapeutic orientation (sensitivity tests to antimicrobial drugs)
Diagnostic investigations, direct and indirect, and interpretation of the report for:
· Viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV, HAV, HEV, HDV)
· HIV and related opportunistic infections
· Blood cultures for bacterial and fungal systemic or disseminated infections
· Meningitis
· Sexually transmitted infections
· Infections of the respiratory and genitourinary system
Infection control
· Concept of nosocomial infections, related to health and community care
· Main nosocomial infectious agents and related problems
· TORCH complex and preventive methodologies
Professional skills
· Blood sampling (tests on dummy and peripheral vein)
· Diagnostic procedure for urinary and blood infections
· Discussion on the interpretation of the results of routine serological investigations during pregnancy
Teaching methods
The program will be carried out through lectures (5 CFU) with the help of teaching material (slides and / or videos), including discussion of clinical cases) and professional skills (1 CFU in the laboratory and on simulator dummy)
Teaching Resources
Clinical Microbiology
· Antonelli G., M. Clementi, G. Pozzi, G.M. Rossolini - Principi di Microbiologia Medica - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI);
· Murray P.R., K.S. Rosenthal, M.A. Pfaller - Microbiologia Medica, EDRA, Milano).
o in alternativa/alternatively:
· Lanciotti E, Microbiologia Clinica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI)
· Antonelli G., M. Clementi, G. Pozzi, G.M. Rossolini - Principi di Microbiologia Medica - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI);
· Murray P.R., K.S. Rosenthal, M.A. Pfaller - Microbiologia Medica, EDRA, Milano).
o in alternativa/alternatively:
· Lanciotti E, Microbiologia Clinica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI)
Clinical biochemistry and molecular biology
BIO/12 - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 36 hours
Microbiology and clinical microbiology
MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 12 hours
Professors:
Borghi Elisa, Morace Giulia
Professor(s)
Reception:
by appointment
San Paolo Hospital, blocco C, 8th floor, room 813
Reception:
By appointment to be agreed by e-mail
H San Paolo -9 piano Blocco C