Cultural Heritage: Sciences, Technologies and Diagnostics

Laboratorio di restauro pinacoteca
Cultural Heritage: Sciences, Technologies and Diagnostics
Course sheet
A.Y. 2024/2025
Bachelor
L-43 - Conservation and restoration of culturale heritage
Bachelor
180
ECTS
Access
Open with admission self-assessment test
3
Years
Course location
Milan
Language
Italian
This degree programme is designed to train students to become qualified professionals who can contribute to the study and conservation of cultural heritage and information storage media.
Graduates will be equipped with the necessary methodological, scientific and technological skills to be able to:
- assess the state of conservation of a piece of cultural heritage, also performing operational tasks;
- analyse the morphological and structural characteristics and properties of its component materials;
- perform tasks pertaining to the identification of cultural objects and risk assessment;
- design interventions and diagnostic projects to stop the degradation and deterioration of archaeological sites, historical and artistic artefacts, museum collections, information storage media and their contents (archives, digital contents, music, theatre plays, films etc.);
- design interventions and diagnostic projects for the conservation of information storage media and their contents;
- take on science and technology roles in professional organisations and institutions in charge of the protection, management and conservation of cultural heritage, as well as in private professional associations operating in the fields of environmental conservation and restoration;
- speak and write proficiently in at least one language of the European Union other than Italian, both in their field of expertise and for general communication purposes;
- perform tasks related to the communication, conservation, use and management of information, including operational tasks;
- work in team and independently, as required, and smoothly integrate into a new workplace.
Year I includes a core set of activities designed to provide students with training in the basic scientific disciplines; these are complemented by courses on cultural heritage and on certain types of cultural assets. Year II includes courses devoted to science and technology applied to the conservation of cultural heritage, courses focusing on disciplines pertaining to Earth sciences and natural sciences, as well as other educational activities aimed at giving students an interdisciplinary training. The goal of this combination of disciplines is to provide the basics of professional scientific enquiry, to ensure that graduates in Cultural Heritage: Sciences, Technologies and Diagnostics receive an all-round cultural training. During year III, students can customise their study plan by choosing courses dedicated to different types of cultural heritage, such as archaeological findings, historical and artistic artefacts, scientific and technological tools and the various information storage media. This will allow them to focus on employable skills and to increase their chances of entering the job market quickly and smoothly right after graduating.
The specific roles and professional skills applicable to graduates in Cultural Heritage: Sciences, Technologies and Diagnostics are only partially covered by the Technical Professions listed by ISTAT, the Italian Institute of Statistics. As a matter of fact, the current ISTAT codes fail to describe all the range of professional profiles trained by this programme. However, these profiles have been recognised in a recent law adopted by the Italian Chamber of Deputies, which specifically mentions "Experts in diagnostics and science and technology applied to cultural Heritage" among the professions listed in the Italian Code of Cultural Heritage. Moreover, some professional profiles listed in the National Charter for Museum Professions (2008) by ICOM (International Council of Museums) share some points of contact with the contents of this programme. This is particularly the case with professions listed in point 4.3, "Research, curation and management of collections".
The programme is notably designed to prepare students for the following new professions:
Geoarchaeologists and field archaeologists (diagnostics experts in the field of geoarchaeology and archaeological excavations)
Job function:
Identification, survey, study and diagnostics of archaeological sites and landscapes, in order to define their surface, analyse their conservation state and formation processes and assess conservation risks to inform archaeological excavations; management of documents; management of protection and valorisation projects.
Professional skills:
Subject-specific methodological, scientific, technological and operational skills in the areas of geomorphology, geopedology, Quaternary geology, on-site geognostics (core drilling, near-surface geophysics), stratigraphic archaeological excavations and related lab documents (pedosedimentary analyses). These skills allow for the advancement of scientific knowledge, enabling students to smoothly integrate into operational teams and to draft investigation reports on specific applications.
Career opportunities:
Access to further studies (Master's degree or postgraduate schools); employment at dedicated regional or national offices, museums, architecture and engineering firms (in technical-managerial positions) or archaeological excavation companies operating in the area of Preventive Archaeology (Italian Law 109/2005 and Legislative Decree 163/206); freelancing.
Conservation scientists in the historical, artistic and archaeometric field
Job function:
Study and diagnostics of historical, artistic and archaeological objects, as well as their conservation environments, in order to identify the nature and origin of their component materials (stone, ceramic, metal, wood, painting materials etc.), manufacturing techniques, state of conservation and alteration and degradation causes, and to assess the conservation risks to support restoration and protection activities and valorisation processes. Participation in teams working on the planning and implementation of restoration works.
Professional skills:
Since all work activities in the heritage science sector require a holistic approach, the degree programme has a highly interdisciplinary structure and is designed to provide students with specialised and advanced methodological, scientific, technological and operational skills in the areas of biology, chemistry, law, physics, computer science, mineralogy, petrography and art history. Such skills will enable students to conduct research, apply their expertise to historical contextualisation and provenance issues, plan activities for the conservation and valorisation of cultural assets, and write scientific papers and investigation reports.
With regard to the study and diagnostics of historical and artistic heritage, methodological and scientific skills include the ability to characterise a wide range of component materials of artistic and archaeological objects, such as stone, painting materials, metals, organic materials and so on, as well as the products of their degradation.
Sticking to the area of characterisation, technical skills include the assimilation of methods and protocols to solve issues ranging from the analysis of micro-samples to the non-invasive study of artworks. Graduates also have professional skills in the area of prevention, in other words, they are familiar with the set of activities designed to limit risks and slow down the degradation of cultural heritage artefacts in their environment.
Career opportunities:
Access to further studies (Master's degree or postgraduate schools); technical-managerial positions at regional or national offices in charge of cultural heritage protection, management and conservation, museums, private professional associations in the area of conservative restoration and diagnostics, architecture and engineering firms, archaeological excavation companies; freelancing.
Conservation scientists and experts in the valorisation of scientific heritage
Job function:
Conservation of historical scientific instruments and dissemination of scientific knowledge, with a focus on the conservation and valorisation of modern instruments once they become obsolete and stop being used in research processes, in order to contextualise and understand significant discoveries. Ability to understand the relevance of an instrument based on its uniqueness, in the case of prototypes, or, for non-unique tools, based on the process that led that tool to be used in a research study, whereby such process can become a topic for a museum exhibition. For those working for museums, the ability to select parts of larger scientific equipment which were used to achieve important scientific discoveries, but cannot be displayed in museums due to their size.
Professional skills:
The programme provides students with the basic scientific and cultural knowledge needed to understand the role and functions of scientific instruments in the various disciplines. Students acquire specialised technical and scientific skills for the conservation and valorisation of scientific and historical heritage both in the context of museums, as well as for educational and dissemination purposes.
Career opportunities:
Access to further studies (Master's degree or postgraduate schools); technical-managerial positions at regional or national offices in charge of the protection, management and conservation of scientific heritage items held by museums, or at private professional associations operating in the area of conservative restoration; freelancing. The archetypal profession would be conservator and curator in science museums. Another option would be working in the organisation of thematic exhibitions and scientific dissemination initiatives.
Conservation scientists for digital and analogue information media
Job function:
Study, monitoring, diagnostics, planning and management of conservation and restoration works on information storage media and their contents (archives, digital contents, music, theatre plays, films etc.); design and implementation of initiatives for the communication, conservation, use and management of information within digital archives and networks of cultural heritage archives.
Professional skills:
The degree programme train students on the principles, conceptual systems and analytical and diagnostic tools for the study and conservation of digital cultural heritage and information storage media.
Students also acquire knowledge and skills regarding quantitative and qualitative methods used in professional contexts, and familiarise with the most important research findings, theoretical developments, good practices and standards for the conservation of digital cultural heritage and information storage media.
Career opportunities:
Access to further studies (Master's degree or postgraduate schools); technical-managerial positions at regional or national offices in charge of the conservation of information media (libraries, opera houses, museums, etc.), private professional associations in the area of conservative restoration and diagnostics; freelance experts providing services in the following areas: conservation state analysis, identification and application of the most effective conservation strategies, organisation and use of digital and analogue information media and their contents, digitalisation and cataloguing of cultural heritage items (artworks, museum objects, archaeological artefacts etc.).

Employment statistics (Almalaurea)
Students can take part in exchange programmes at foreign universities or research centres, to attend classes and take exams, carry out part of the research works for their final thesis, or complete the internship required before graduation. For any of these opportunities, and in general to carry out research abroad, students have to identify a professor willing to act as their supervisor or scientific coordinator of the project. Hypothetically, mobility opportunities may be available in any field of studies covered by the degree programme. Students can access two types of scholarships:
- Erasmus+ scholarships, enabling students to take exams and conduct research abroad
- Erasmus+ Traineeship scholarships, which can only be used to carry out internships and research activities.
The Erasmus+ Call for this degree programme is available under the Geology section. Particularly recommended are the courses included in the Bachelor's and Master's programmes in Conservation at the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens, Greece, which has a dedicated agreement in place with this degree programme.
The Erasmus+ Traineeship call is published on the www.unimi.it website and is open to students of any degree programme. Over the last years, partner universities for the Erasmus+ Traineeship have included the Universities of Cergy-Pontoise (France), Poitiers (France), Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and Ghent (Belgium). Moreover, new agreements for study, research or internship purposes can be signed with any other university or research centre with which professors teaching in the programme have an ongoing scientific collaboration. With the exception of exams, any activity carried out at a partner university abroad is worth 3 university credits (CFU) per month.
All activities to be carried out abroad must be approved by the relevant tutors (professors) at the home and host universities and specified in the "learning agreement". This document, together with the transcript of records of any exam taken abroad and/or the research report, is essential for ensuring the recognition of such activities within this degree programme.
Attending courses and taking exams at a foreign university is not only a life-shaping experience and an opportunity to learn the local language, but also a chance for students to experience a different teaching system and develop a more flexible approach to their studies. Carrying out research activities or an internship abroad often allows students to use facilities that otherwise would not be accessible (for example, large equipment), as well as to conduct applied research in specific fields and interact with wider research groups.
Attendance is strongly recommended for both courses and laboratories.
Enrolment
Qualifications and knowledge required for admission
Applicants to this degree programme must hold an upper secondary-school diploma or equivalent foreign qualification, and possess adequate background knowledge. In particular, applicants must be familiar with the basic scientific disciplines and elementary logic.
Admission to the Degree Programme in Cultural heritage: sciences, technologies and diagnostics is open, with a mandatory non-selective test prior to enrolment.

Candidates will have to sit for the TOLC (Test Online CISIA) at the University of Milan or any other member university of CISIA (Consortium of Inter-University Integrated Access Systems). Register to the TOLC test on the CISIA website (www.cisiaonline.it).
The TOLC tests providing access to the Degree Programme in Cultural heritage: sciences, technologies and diagnostics are TOLC-S and TOLC-B.
Only after taking one of these tests, will you be able to enrol, WHATEVER THE RESULT:
- TOLC-S, divided into 4 sections: Basic mathematics (20 questions - 50 minutes), Reasoning and problems (10 questions - 20 minutes), Reading comprehension (10 questions - 20 minutes), Basic sciences (10 questions - 20 minutes).
- TOLC-B divided into 4 sections: Basic mathematics (20 questions - 50 minutes), Biology (10 questions - 20 minutes), Physics (10 questions - 20 minutes), Chemistry (10 questions - 20 minutes).
Each question has 5 answer options, of which only one is correct.
Score: +1 for a correct answer, -0.25 for a wrong answer, 0 for a no answer.
Students who have not achieved at least 10 points in the Mathematics module will have to fulfil additional learning requirements (OFA).

Each TOLC test includes an additional English section, consisting of 30 questions to be answered in 15 minutes. This section does not count toward the overall test score.


Remedial activities and tests: https://beniculturali-std.cdl.unimi.it/it/studiare/le-matricole
Students with additional learning requirements will have to carry out remedial activities organised by the University in the period October-December, and then take a test to prove they have filled their gaps. Otherwise, they may not take any second-year or optional exams before passing the General Mathematics exam.

Test structure and topics, registration procedures, dates, deadlines and any other useful information are set out in the call for applications.
See also https://www.unimi.it/en/study/bachelor-and-master-study/degree-programme-enrolment/enrolment-first-degree-programme.


Access for transfer or for students who have already graduated
Students already enrolled in a degree course at the University of Milan, in another university or already graduated, can be exempted from the test only if admitted to years subsequent to the first.
To this end, a specific request for prior career evaluation must be submitted by accessing the online service indicated in the admission notice.
Interested parties must declare all the exams taken with the relevant sectors, credits and grades and attach the course programmes. For further details on the procedure, please refer to the announcement.
For career assessment application deadlines, please refer to the announcement.
The outcome of the evaluation will be communicated via email.
Students admitted to the first year will have to take the test.

Call for applications

Please refer to the call for admission test dates and contents, and how to register.

Application for matriculation: from 15/07/2024 to 30/09/2024

Read the Call

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Programme description and courses list
year
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
General Computer Science 12 96 Italian INF/01
First semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
General and Inorganic Chemistry 6 60 Italian CHIM/03
General Mathematics 6 48 Italian MAT/03
Law for Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian IUS/10
Methodology of the Archaeological Research 9 72 Italian L-ANT/10
Second semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Art History 6 48 Italian L-ART/03
Elements of Mineralogy and Petrography 9 96 Italian GEO/06 GEO/07
Physics General 9 84 Italian FIS/01
Open sessions
There are no specific sessions for these activities (e.g. open online courses).
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
English Assessment B1 (3 ECTS) 3 0 English
year
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Physical Methodologies for Cultural Heritage 9 72 Italian FIS/07
First semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Analytical Chemistry 9 72 Italian CHIM/01
Paleontology and Stratigraphic Geology 9 80 Italian GEO/01 GEO/02
Plant Biology and Entomology 9 72 Italian AGR/11 AGR/12 AGR/16
Second semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Microbiology 6 56 Italian AGR/16
Mineralogy Applied to Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian GEO/09
N-Depth Chemistry 6 48 Italian CHIM/02 CHIM/06
Plant Biology 6 48 Italian BIO/02
be activated by the A.Y. 2025/2026
First semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Optional
Anthropology 6 48 Italian BIO/08
Chemistry of Materials for Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian CHIM/04
Contemporary Museology 6 48 Italian L-ART/04
Geoarchaeology 6 48 Italian GEO/04
Restoration of Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian ICAR/19
Second semester
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Optional
Archaeometallurgy 6 48 Italian ING-IND/23
Chemical and Physical Methods for the Cultural Goods Conservation 6 48 Italian CHIM/02
Data Analysis 6 48 Italian SECS-S/01
Geology Quaternary 6 48 Italian GEO/04
Methods and Languages for Data Management 6 64 Italian INF/01
Multiband Imaging Techniques for Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian FIS/07
Open sessions
There are no specific sessions for these activities (e.g. open online courses).
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Final Exam 3 0 Italian
Training 12 0 Italian
Open sessions
There are no specific sessions for these activities (e.g. open online courses).
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language SSD
Compulsory
Other Educational Activities 3 24 Italian
Study plan rules
- Students must earn 18 credits (CFU/ECTS) by choosing 3 supplementary courses from the ones listed in the table below:
Courses or activities ECTS Total hours Language Lesson period SSD
Anthropology 6 48 Italian First semester BIO/08
Chemistry of Materials for Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian First semester CHIM/04
Contemporary Museology 6 48 Italian First semester L-ART/04
Geoarchaeology 6 48 Italian First semester GEO/04
Restoration of Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian First semester ICAR/19
Archaeometallurgy 6 48 Italian Second semester ING-IND/23
Chemical and Physical Methods for the Cultural Goods Conservation 6 48 Italian Second semester CHIM/02
Data Analysis 6 48 Italian Second semester SECS-S/01
Geology Quaternary 6 48 Italian Second semester GEO/04
Methods and Languages for Data Management 6 64 Italian Second semester INF/01
Multiband Imaging Techniques for Cultural Heritage 6 48 Italian Second semester FIS/07
- Moreover, students are required to earn 18 credits for elective activities to be freely chosen among those offered by the University, provided that they are coherent with their study programme and their contents are not the same of those of the core and elective courses already included in their study plan. In particular, students can choose any of the courses included in this Programme Description that meet these criteria, as well as any of the courses listed below, which are included in other Bachelor's and Master's degree programmes:

Bachelor's degree programme in Natural Science
Geobotany (6 cfu)
Geomorphology (6 cfu)
Geopedology (6 cfu)
Bachelor's degree programme in Computer Science
Scientific Visualization (6 cfu)
The program of each course indicates the preliminary knowledge necessary to adequately deal with the contents of the course itself. It is the responsibility, as well as the interest, of the student to comply with these indications.
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Location
Milan
Course locations
Lessons take place in the Città Studi classrooms (check the lessons timetable for classroom location, or check the App "La Statale").
Laboratory locations
Teaching laboratories take place both in departmental structures, equipped with technical-scientific instruments and collections, and on-field, using customised logistics solutions.
Activities in equipped laboratories take place in the following Departments: Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences), Department of Physics, Department of Computer Science.
Head of study programme
Erasmus and international mobility tutor 
Internship tutor
University and programme transfer tutor
Master's degree admission tutor
Credit recognition tutor
Quality Assurance Delegate
Contacts

The tuition fees for students enrolled in Bachelor's, Master's and single-cycle degree programmes are divided into two instalments with different calculation methods and payment schedules:

  • The amount of the first instalment is the same for all students
  • The amount of the second instalment varies according to the ISEE University value, the degree programme and the student status (on track / off track for one year or off track for more than a year) 
  • An additional fee is due for online programmes

The University also offers:

  • Concessions for students meeting high merit requirements
  • Diversified tuition fees according to the student's home country for international students with assets/income abroad
  • Concessions for international students with refugee status

Scholarships and benefits

The University provides a range of financial benefits to students meeting special requirements (merit, financial or personal conditions, international students).

Learn more