Basic Sciences

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Caratteristiche degli organismi viventi: teoria cellulare; metodi di studio della cellula; cellule procariotiche; cellule eucariotiche; organizzazione gerarchica in biologia; evoluzione degli organismi.
Macromolecole biologiche: lipidi, zuccheri, acidi nucleici, proteine.
Struttura e organizzazione della cellula eucariotica: compartimentazione cellulare; organuli cellulari; ribosomi; citoscheletro; giunzioni; matrice.
Struttura e funzione delle membrane biologiche: modello a mosaico fluido; il trasporto attraverso la membrana.
Comunicazione cellulare: modalità di comunicazione tra cellule.
Ciclo cellulare e sua regolazione: fasi del ciclo; sistema di controllo; apoptosi; la cellula tumorale.
La riproduzione degli esseri viventi: riproduzione asessuata e sessuata; mitosi, meiosi e loro confronto; gametogenesi; fecondazione; differenziamento.
Replicazione del DNA: dogma centrale della biologia; esperimento di Meselson e Stahl; replicazione a livello molecolare; riparazione dei danni al DNA.
Trascrizione: vari tipi di RNA; sintesi di RNA; maturazione degli RNA messaggeri.
Traduzione e codice genetico: codice genetico e sue proprietà; meccanismo di sintesi proteica; destino post-sintetico delle proteine.
Il genoma degli eucarioti: struttura della cromatina; il nucleosoma; struttura del gene (introni-esoni); controllo dell'espressione genica.
Virus: struttura; virus batterici, animali e vegetali; interazioni cellula-virus.
I cromosomi umani e loro modalità di segregazione nel corso della mitosi e della meiosi
Organizzazione di DNA e cromatina nei cromosomi
La divisione equazionale delle cellule somatiche
La divisione riduzionale delle cellule germinali
Gametogenesi e fecondazione
Le leggi mendeliane che regolano la trasmissione dei geni: correlazione tra genotipo e fenotipo
Dal gene alla proteina e al fenotipo: relazione fra genotipo e fenotipo
Interazioni alleliche: alleli dominanti, alleli recessivi e codominanza
Legge della segregazione dei caratteri e principio dell'assortimento indipendente
Le modalità di trasmissione dei tratti monogenici nell'uomo
Esempi di patologie ereditarie monogeniche a trasmissione mendeliana (Fibrosi cistica, talassemia, sordità)
Eredità autosomica dominante e recessiva
Penetranza e espressività, alleli multipli (gruppi sanguigni ABO, Rh).
Eredità legata al sesso
Eredità mitocondriale
Eterogeneità genetica
Alberi genealogici

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.

Atomic structure: chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonds.
Intermolecular bonding: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond.
Water: structure and properties; weak interactions in aqueous systems.
Aqueous solutions: concentration of solutions; colligative properties; osmosis.
Chemical reactions: basic concepts; reactions and chemical equilibrium; catalysts; redox reactions.
Ionic equilibrium : equilibrium of water autoionization; pH; acids and bases; buffer solutions.
Bonding in carbon compounds: common classes of organic compounds.
Biomolecules and their structures.
Enzymes: structure, regulation and mechanism of action.
Metabolism: overview of metabolism; anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Energy metabolism: high energy molecules; ATP cycle; mechanisms of ATP synthesis; Krebs cycle; electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Carbohydrate metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of glucose; regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of fatty acids; regulation of lipid metabolism.
Amino acids metabolism, basic concepts: digestion; origin and metabolic pathways of amino acids; regulation of amino acids metabolism.

Characteristics of the living matter: the cell theory; Methods to study the cell; Prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Levels of organization in Biology; Bases of biological evolution
Biological Macromolecules: Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins.
Structure and organization of the eukaryotic cell: cellular compartmentalization; intracellular organelles; ribosomes; cytoskeleton; intercellular junction and extracellular matrix.
Structure and function of biological membranes: Fluid mosaic and transport across membranes
Cell-cell communications: How cells communicate with each other.
Cell cycle and cell-cycle regulation: Phases and control; cell death and transformation
Reproduction in living organisms: Sexual and asexual reproduction; mitosis and meiosis; gametogenesis, fertilization and differentiation.
DNA replication: the central dogma of molecular biology; DNA duplication and repair.
Transcription: Different types of RNA, RNA synthesis and maturation
Genetic code and protein translation: properties of the genetic code; protein synthesis and maturation.
The eukaryotic genome: chromatin structure; gene structure and control of gene expression.
Viruses: classification, structure and interaction with the host.
The Mendelian Laws and the transmission of monogenic traits: Genotype and phenotype; dominant, co-dominant and recessive alleles.
Monogenic genetic disease transmission: Cystic fibrosis; Thalassemia
Blood groups and multiple alleles

Introduction: Measurements in Physics. Fundamental and derived quantities. The International System of Units. Vector algebra.
Kinematics: Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, linear motion.
Dynamics - Newton's laws, gravitational force, force field, work, energy, power.
Statics - Equilibrium of a point particle, rigid body, torque, equilibrium of a rigid body, center of mass, stability, levers in the human body.
Statics e Dynamics of fluids - Aggregation states, density, pressure, Pascal's law, Stevin's law, Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, measurement of the pressure, flow rate, Hagen-Poiseuille's law.
Thermodynamics - Temperature, equation of state of an ideal gas, heat, specific heat, heat transfer.
Electrostatics and currents -Electric charge, Coulomb's law, potential energy and voltage, conductors and insulators, condenser, electrical current, Ohm's laws.
Radiations - Ionizing radiations, natural and artificial sources, radioactivity, radioactive decay, X ray.