Human Anatomy and Physiology
A.Y. 2023/2024
Learning objectives
Knowledge of the general organization of the human body, with the description of the main features in relation to the spatial reference axis.
Knowledge of the morphological features of systems, organs, and tissues of the human body, together with the main morphofunctional correlations.
Knowledge of the functional features of the different organs of the human body, together with their dynamic integration within systems and their general control mechanisms.
Knowledge of the functional parameters in healthy subjects.
Knowledge of the basic principles of feeding and of energetic metabolism.
Knowledge of the morphological features of systems, organs, and tissues of the human body, together with the main morphofunctional correlations.
Knowledge of the functional features of the different organs of the human body, together with their dynamic integration within systems and their general control mechanisms.
Knowledge of the functional parameters in healthy subjects.
Knowledge of the basic principles of feeding and of energetic metabolism.
Expected learning outcomes
Students will be able in defining the general organization of the healthy human body.
Students will be able in describing the main features of the human body in relation to the spatial reference axis.
Students will know the morphological features of systems, organs, and tissues of the human body.
Students will explain the main morphofunctional correlations of systems, organs, and tissues of the healthy human body.
Students will be able to describe functional features of organs, their dynamical integration into apparatus
Students will be able to describe functional parameters in healthy human state.
Students will be able to describe basic nutritional principles and metabolic regulation.
Students will be able to describe main general control systems of human body.
Students will be able in describing the main features of the human body in relation to the spatial reference axis.
Students will know the morphological features of systems, organs, and tissues of the human body.
Students will explain the main morphofunctional correlations of systems, organs, and tissues of the healthy human body.
Students will be able to describe functional features of organs, their dynamical integration into apparatus
Students will be able to describe functional parameters in healthy human state.
Students will be able to describe basic nutritional principles and metabolic regulation.
Students will be able to describe main general control systems of human body.
Lesson period: year
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Sezione: Cesano Boscone
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session. If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session. If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons.
Teaching Resources
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana. Elementi. EdiErmes, 2019.
Fox. Fisiologia umana. Piccin, 2020.
Monticelli. Fisiologia. Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Pearson Italia, 2020
Stanfield. Fisiologia. Edises, 2017.
Zocchi, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Edises, 2020.
Fox. Fisiologia umana. Piccin, 2020.
Monticelli. Fisiologia. Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Pearson Italia, 2020
Stanfield. Fisiologia. Edises, 2017.
Zocchi, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Edises, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons.
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. EdiErmes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. Edises, 2019.
McKinley, O'Loughlin. Anatomia umana. Piccin, 2019.
Patton et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin. Anatomia Umana. Piccin, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. Edises, 2019.
McKinley, O'Loughlin. Anatomia umana. Piccin, 2019.
Patton et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin. Anatomia Umana. Piccin, 2018.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Gibelli Daniele Maria
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Bodega Francescaromana
Sezione: Fondazione Don Gnocchi
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Gibelli Daniele Maria
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Bodega Francescaromana
Sezione: Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Sforza Chiarella, Sommariva Michele
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Brambilla Dario, Gussoni Maristella
Sezione: IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Canziani Alberto
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Mautone Gaetano Pio
Sezione: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practical exercises with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practical exercises with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Cattaneo Laura
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Leoncini Giuseppe, Milione Massimo
Sezione: Istituto Oncologico Europeo
Responsible
Course syllabus
The syllabus is shared with the following courses:
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Donetti Elena Bianca
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Brambilla Dario
Sezione: Ospedale di circolo di RHO
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Gibelli Daniele Maria, Merlini David Alessio
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Vismara Alessandro
Sezione: Ospedale di Crema
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Pergola Loreta
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Firetto Silvia, Grassini Angelo
Sezione: Ospedale di Magenta
Responsible
Course syllabus
The syllabus is shared with the following courses:
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Donetti Elena Bianca
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Brambilla Dario
Sezione: Ospedale Fatebenefratelli
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Donetti Elena Bianca
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Sezione: Ospedale Luigi Sacco
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Sezione: Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
ANATOMIA (ANATOMY)
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
FISIOLOGIA (PHYSIOLOGY)
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
FISIOLOGIA (PHYSIOLOGY)
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
ANATOMIA (ANATOMY)
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
FISIOLOGIA (PHYSIOLOGY)
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
FISIOLOGIA (PHYSIOLOGY)
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Ballabio Michele Niccolo' Maria
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Masu Anna Maria
Sezione: Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or
open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests
(multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on
the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests
are valid for the summer session. If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended,
Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests
(multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on
the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests
are valid for the summer session. If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended,
Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of
water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and
conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle:
neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal
muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of
motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission.
Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain
and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste.
Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal
interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity
of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and
precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume
relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and
turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition.
Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and
volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and
alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen
and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular
reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure
regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The
process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline
regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption:
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring
metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal
hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of
water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and
conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle:
neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal
muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of
motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission.
Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain
and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste.
Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal
interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity
of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and
precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume
relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and
turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition.
Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and
volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and
alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen
and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular
reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure
regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The
process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline
regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption:
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring
metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal
hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons.
Teaching Resources
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana. Elementi. EdiErmes, 2019.
Fox. Fisiologia umana. Piccin, 2020.
Monticelli. Fisiologia. Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Pearson Italia, 2020
Stanfield. Fisiologia. Edises, 2017.
Zocchi, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Edises, 2020.
Fox. Fisiologia umana. Piccin, 2020.
Monticelli. Fisiologia. Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Pearson Italia, 2020
Stanfield. Fisiologia. Edises, 2017.
Zocchi, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Edises, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial,
connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints.
Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and
spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart.
Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of
the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries.
Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description
of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between
muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of
dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver,
with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter,
urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamicpituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical
basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily
districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of
nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses;
somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation.
Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial,
connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints.
Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and
spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart.
Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of
the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries.
Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description
of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between
muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of
dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver,
with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter,
urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamicpituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical
basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily
districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of
nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses;
somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation.
Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons.
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. EdiErmes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. Edises, 2019.
McKinley, O'Loughlin. Anatomia umana. Piccin, 2019.
Patton et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin. Anatomia Umana. Piccin, 2018
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. Edises, 2019.
McKinley, O'Loughlin. Anatomia umana. Piccin, 2019.
Patton et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin. Anatomia Umana. Piccin, 2018
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Gibelli Daniele Maria
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Bodega Francescaromana
Sezione: Ospedale San Carlo
Responsible
Course syllabus
The syllabus is shared with the following courses:
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
- [D64-15](https://www.unimi.it/en/ugov/of/af20240000d64-15)
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Donetti Elena Bianca
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Fornia Luca
Sezione: Ospedale San Paolo
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Cafaro Cristina Annamaria
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Mancini Mario
Sezione: Ospedale Uboldo di Cernusco sul Naviglio
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
There are no specific prerequisites other than those required for admission to the degree course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final test for both modules (Human Anatomy and Physiology) includes multiple-choice and/or open questions. The final evaluation is out of thirty.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
For the Human Anatomy module, Students will have the opportunity to take two intermediate tests (multiple choice questions) scheduled at the end of the first and the second semester, focused on the topics covered during the first and the second semester, respectively. The intermediate tests are valid for the summer session (31.07.2024). If one or both the intermediate tests are not passed or attended, Students will take an exam (multiple-choice questions) on the entire program of the module.
Physiology
Course syllabus
Introduction to Physiology and cell physiology
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Homeostasis and homeostatic control systems. The plasma membrane properties. Membrane transport of water and substances. Properties of excitable cells, ionic channels, membrane potential, generation and conduction of action potentials
Neurophysiology and muscular physiology
Electrical and chemical synapses. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Skeleton muscle: neuromuscular junction, striated muscle fibers. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle mechanics. Length/tension and force/velocity relationships and muscular work. Recruitment order of motor units. Mechanical and electrical properties of the smooth muscle.
Central Nervous System: sensory receptors, transduction, and central sensorial information transmission. Somatosensory system: exteroceptive functions, proprioceptive functions, and interoceptive functions. Pain and central mechanisms controlling pain. Special senses: vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste. Anatomo-functional organization of motor system, alpha and gamma motor neurons, organization of spinal interneurons. Spinal reflexes. Control of Voluntary movement. Autonomic nervous system.
Cardiovascular System
Functional meaning of cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle and blood vessel properties. Electrical activity of the heart: pacemaker, conductive and contractile cardiac cells. Electrocardiography: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and precordial leads. The heart as a pump: cardiac functions, cardiac cycle mechanical events, pressure-volume relationship of left ventricle. Cardiac tones. Cardiac output. Cardiac work. Blood pressure.
Hemodynamics: large and small circulation. Flow, velocity, resistance and pressure of the blood. Laminar and turbulent flow. Control of cardiac output and blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation. Blood composition. Hemostasis
Respiratory System
Functional meaning of respiratory system. Respiratory muscles Pressure variations, pulmonary flow and volumes during breathing. Alveolar surface tension and airflow resistance. Spirometry. Total, dead space and alveolar ventilation. Ventilation-perfusion ratio. Gas exchange: alveolar and peripheral capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood. The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Control of breathing.
Urinary System
Functional properties of the kidney. Nephron. Renal blood circulation. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. Glomerular filtration. Renal clearance: clearance of inulin and the clearance of p-amino-hippuric acid. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Hydro-saline regulation. Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Blood pressure regulation by kidneys: renin-angiotensin system. Mechanisms of urinary concentration and dilution. The process of micturition.
Body Fluid Compartments
Composition and volume of body fluid compartments. Osmolarity and body fluid regulation. Hydro-saline regulation. Acid-base balance: role of respiratory and renal systems.
Gastrointestinal System
Organization and control systems. Secretory function. Motility. Main nutrients digestion and absorption: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Metabolism
Nutrient metabolism. Energy balance: basal metabolism, temperature regulation, and exercise. Measuring metabolism: calorimetry (hints). Food energy: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Endocrine System
Classify hormones and action mechanisms. Endocrine metabolism control: thyroid, pancreatic, and adrenal hormones. Hypothalamus-hypophysis axis hormones.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Monticelli G. Fisiologia. (2ed). Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosia, 2014.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Silverthorn. Fisiologia Umana. Un approccio integrato. (8ed). Torino: Pearson Italia, 2020
StanfieldCL. Fisiologia. (5ed). Napoli: Edises, 2017.
Zocchi L, et al. Principi di Fisiologia. Napoli: II edizione Edises, 2020.
AAVV. Fisiologia Umana.Elementi. Milano: Edi.Ermes, 2019.
Fox S.I. Fisiologia umana. Padova: Piccin, 2020.
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
Definition of: cell, tissue, organ, system, apparatus.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Tissues: classification and morphological and functional characteristics. Organization of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Blood.
Definition and classification of organs.
Definition and composition of apparatuses.
Anatomical terminology.
General principles of body organization.
Definition and classification of anatomical spaces.
Musculoskeletal system: structure and function of the skeleton. Definition and classification of joints. Morphology, structure, and movements of muscles; tendons. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal walls and spaces.
Circulatory system: general organization and function. External and internal morphology of the heart. Morphological and functional analysis of atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Localization and function of the cardiac conduction system. Blood vessels: morphology and function of arteries, veins, capillaries. Function of anastomoses and collateral circles. Definition of pulmonary and district circulation. Description of the superficial venous circulation. Lymphatic system (lymph, organs, lymphatic vessels).
Respiratory system: description of organs and analysis of respiratory mechanisms and links between muscles, chest, costal joints, air-blood barrier.
Digestive system: description of organs; structure of the oral cavity, morphology of teeth, development of dentition; architecture and structure of the digestive organs; analysis of anatomical bases of digestion. Liver, with special analysis of morphology and function of the liver lobule. Portal vein. Extrahepatic biliary ducts.
Urinary system: description of organs; kidney and nephron; description of calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Endocrine system: description and classification of endocrine glands; pituitary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Male and female reproductive system: description of male and female reproductive organs; anatomical basis of uterine and ovarian cycle.
Tegumentary system: description and composition. Differential characteristics according to different bodily districts. Skin and appendages. Breast.
Nervous system: definition, composition in organs, functions. Principles of neuroanatomy; function of nervous structures. Principles of main sensory and motor pathways. Integrated and reflex responses; somatotopism. Classification of sensory.
Central nervous system: systematic description of organs, inner cavities, and liquor system.
Peripheric nervous system: description of spinal and encephalic nerves; somatic and visceral innervation. Autonomic nervous system.
Special senses: the visual system, hearing and vestibular systems, and anatomical bases of taste and smell.
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli et al. Anatomia umana. Milano: Edi. Ermes, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Martini FH, et.al. Anatomia Umana. (Edizione VII). Napoli: Edises, 2019.
McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Anatomia umana II edizione italiana sulla V in lingua inglese. Padova: Piccin, 2019.
Patton K.T. et al. Anatomia umana. Approccio integrato tra struttura e funzione. Edra, 2020.
Saladin KS. Anatomia Umana.). Padova: Piccin, 2018.
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Tangredi Marianna
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professors:
Amar Karen, Autieri Adriano
Sezione: San Giuseppe
Responsible
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Damiani Giovanni
Physiology
BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
E-learning: 30 hours
Professor:
Gussoni Maristella
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
Any, after telephone call or whatsapp message
Luigi Sacco Hospital - Pavillion 56, Infectious Diseases or University Polo Lita
Reception:
By appointment via e-mail
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, V. Mangiagalli, 31 - Milan
Reception:
15.30 - 16.00 Thursday
Rho Hospital - General Surgery - Floor 1 - General Surgery Office
Reception:
appointment by e-mail
Dept of Biomedical Sciences for Health - via Mangiagalli 31 - Milano - via Microsoft Teams
Reception:
Appointment via e-mail
Dept. of Biomedical Sciences for Health - via Mangiagalli 31, Milan