Systems and Diseases Ii

The course represents the synthesis of the notions acquired during the first 3 years and the basis for the subsequent detailed clinical studies the will be carried out during Medical and Specialized Clinics.
The objects are the following:
-to provide the student with the knowledge on the main diseases of Gastrointestinal, Endocrinological, Emathological and Immunoreumathological systems (in particular, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations)
-to give the main information on the genetics and pathological basis of the above-mentioned diseases
-to provide students with the preparatory tools (language, case history, medical examination) for a correct approach to the patient
-to provide with the main clinical, biochemical, instrumental investigations available to perform a correct diagnosis

1)To know the pathophysiology of:
DIGESTIVE TRACT
Dysphagia, Dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux, chronic gastritis, ulcer
Abdominal distension, Gas, digestion problems, Malabsorption
Intestinale obstruction
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Hepatic insufficiency, viral and toxic hepatitis, liver diseases such as hemochromatosis and Wilson disease, sclerosant cholangitis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Portal hypertension
Biliary lithiasis
Ascites
Constipation
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn disease and ulcerative rectocolitis).

ENDOCRINE - METABOLIC SYSTEM:
Feed-back mechanism and interaction with the other systems
Circadian rithms of hormone secretion. Hormones mechanisms of action
Pathogenetic mechanisms of endocrine disorders and of metabolic diseases: eccess and deficiency
Hormone resistance, bioactivity, alterations of hormone peripheral metabolism
Diseases of thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, gonads, hypothalamus and pituirary
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance
Diabetes type 1&2, gestational diabetes, obesity, hyperuricemia
Monogenic diabetes and obesity
Diabetes complications
Bone metabolism and osteoporosis
Hormones and nutrition

BLOOD:
Differentiation and maturation of blood cells
Role of growth factors
Pathophysiology of the main diseases of blood and lymphohemopoietic organs
Lymphoproliferative and Mieloproliferative diseases
Polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia
Essential thrombocythemia

IMMUNE SYSTEM:
1) Approach to immunodeficiencies
Approach to autoimmune diseases
Approach to allergic diseases, asthma, rhinitis
Inflammatory arthritis
Infectious and post-infectious arthritis
Microcrystalline arthritis
Diseases of the connective tissue
Systemic vasculitis
Bone diseases
Painful syndromes
2) To know how to define a disease, its epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, nosography, signs and symptoms; to interpret the pathophysiological causes of signs and symptoms, the biochemical data, the instrumental investigations. The genetics and pathological basis is also requested for certain diseases.

3) To know the indications and limitations of the main diagnostic approaches